Direct-current motor

Abstract

NOT VISIBLE DUE TO STATUS OF PATENT

Description

A direct current motor

[0001] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202410679558.0 filed on May 29, 2024, and entitled "A direct current motor", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of direct current motors, in particular to a direct current motor. BACKGROUND

[0003] A direct current motor refers to a rotating motor that can convert direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy or convert mechanical energy into direct current electrical energy. It is an electric motor that can convert direct current electrical energy and mechanical energy into each other. When it operates as a motor, it is a direct current motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy; when it operates as a generator, it is a direct current generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0004] The existing direct current motor includes a rotor and a stator, and the stator and the rotor are respectively provided with a coil and a magnetic block. In specific use, the rotor position is detected by an electric brush, and then the current is exchanged according to the rotor position, so that the direction of the current in the coil is changed to realize power supply or power storage.

[0005] However, the current flows in the same coil multiple times in the forward and reverse directions, and when the coil moves in a non-uniform magnetic field or is in a time-varying magnetic field, an electric current is also generated inside the coil. The coil flows different directions of current in a complex magnetic field environment, and the transmission process of alternating current not only has resistance loss of the coil, but also has certain capacitive reactance and inductive reactance caused by the loss of no-load power, which reduces the service life of the coil. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a direct current motor that can reduce the energy loss of the direct current motor and improve the service life of the internal coil and wire.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0008] The application provides a direct current motor, which comprises a motor body, a stator and a rotor arranged in the motor body, and a magnetic block and at least two coils arranged on the stator and the rotor respectively. In the application, the coil comprises a first wire and a second wire, the first wire is arranged in parallel with the second wire, the first wire is connected with a battery, a first switch is arranged between the first wire and the battery, and the first switch controls the intermittent on-off between the first wire and the battery; the second wire is connected with the battery, a second switch is arranged between the second wire and the battery, and the second switch controls the intermittent on-off between the second wire and the battery; the connection relationship between the first wire and the second wire and the battery is opposite; the first switch and the second switch are arranged to be opened at intervals. An extension section is arranged on the rotor, the extension section extends out of the motor body; a sensor is further arranged on the motor body, the extension section is provided with a detected part corresponding to the sensor, the sensor is used for detecting the detected part, and the sensor is further connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with each switch.

[0009] Preferably, the direct current motor further comprises a battery, the first wire is connected with the battery, a third switch is arranged between the first wire and the battery respectively, the third switch controls the intermittent on-off between the first wire and the battery; the first switch and the third switch are arranged to be opened at intervals; the second wire is connected with the battery, a fourth switch is arranged between the second wire and the battery respectively, and the fourth switch controls the intermittent on-off between the first wire and the battery; the second switch and the fourth switch are arranged to be opened at intervals.

[0010] Preferably, the tail of the first wire and the head of the second wire are connected together and are connected with the positive pole of the battery and the positive pole of the battery; the head of the first wire is connected with the battery and the battery through the first switch and the third switch respectively; and the tail of the second wire is connected with the battery and the battery through the second switch and the fourth switch respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the first switch to the fourth switch are first insulated gate bipolar transistors to fourth insulated gate bipolar transistors respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the on-off of the first switch and the fourth switch is synchronous; the on-off of the second switch and the third switch is synchronous; and the on-off of the first switch and the second switch is asynchronous.

[0013] Preferably, the battery is further connected with a rectifier.

[0014] Preferably, the coil comprises a plurality of sub-coils, and each sub-coil is connected in parallel.

[0015] Preferably, the coil is provided in a plurality of groups, and each group of the coil is arranged at different positions of the rotor or the stator.

[0016] Preferably, the extension section is provided with through holes, the sensor is an optical sensor, the optical sensor comprises a light source emitter and a light signal receiver arranged on the motor body respectively, and the two through holes are arranged in a cross shape.

[0017] Preferably, the detected member on the extension section and the sensor on the motor body are optical grating sensors.

[0018] According to the specific embodiments provided in the application, the following technical effects are disclosed.

[0019] The DC motor described above, the first wire and the second wire are arranged in a parallel manner in one coil, and the two wires are arranged in opposite directions, that is, the current directions are opposite. When the first wire is connected to the power supply, the current direction is positive, and when the second wire is connected to the power supply, the current direction is reverse. The positive and reverse directions are only relative. By flowing different direction currents through the first wire and the second wire respectively, the same wire can be avoided to flow different direction currents, and the power loss can be reduced. At the same time, different direction currents are provided by the first wire and the second wire respectively, the change of the coil current direction is realized, the different direction currents of the coil are completed by different wires, and the use frequency of the wire can also be reduced, and the service life of the wire can be improved.

[0020] The rotor position is detected by the sensor and the detected member, and then the on-off of different coils and the on-off of the first wire or the second wire in each coil are controlled, which can improve the flexibility of control, facilitate flexible control of different coils and wires of different coils, so that each wire of each coil is turned on or off according to the preset order or rule. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the related art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0022] Fig. 1 is a side view of the coil in the embodiment 1 of the application.

[0023] Fig. 2 is an electrical connection circuit diagram of the first wire and the second wire in the embodiment 1 of the application.

[0024] Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of the extension section of the rotor in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0025] Reference signs: coil - 1, first wire - 2, second wire - 3, head of the first wire - 4, head of the second wire - 5, tail of the first wire - 6, tail of the second wire - 7, storage battery - 8, power supply battery - 9, first switch - 10, second switch - 11, third switch - 12, fourth switch - 13, first wire in the coil - 14, second wire in the coil - 15, through hole - 16, light source emitter - 17, light signal receiver - 18, extension section - 19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] The purpose of the present application is to provide a DC motor, which can reduce the energy loss of the DC motor and improve the service life of the internal coil and wire of the DC motor.

[0028] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] The present embodiment provides a DC motor, which comprises a motor body, a stator and a rotor are arranged in the motor body, and the stator and the rotor are respectively provided with at least two coils 1 and magnetic blocks. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the coil 1 comprises a first wire 2 and a second wire 3, the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 are arranged in parallel, the first wire 2 is connected with a power supply battery 9, a first switch 10 is arranged between the first wire 2 and the power supply battery 9, and the first switch 10 controls the intermittent on-off between the first wire 2 and the power supply battery 9. The second wire 3 is connected with the power supply battery 9, a second switch 11 is arranged between the second wire 3 and the power supply battery 9, and the second switch 11 controls the intermittent on-off between the second wire 3 and the power supply battery 9. The connection relationship of the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 with the power supply battery 9 is reversely arranged; the first switch 10 and the second switch 11 are arranged to be opened at intervals. As shown in Fig. 3, an extension section is arranged on the rotor, the extension section extends out of the motor body; a sensor is further arranged on the motor body, the extension section is provided with a detected member corresponding to the sensor, the sensor is used for detecting the detected member, and the sensor is further connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with each switch.

[0031] The above direct current motor, in specific work, the coil 1 and the battery 9 must be connected to realize power supply, but the conventional brushless direct current motor changes the current direction or the on-off of the current through the brush, but in the embodiment, the sensor detects the rotor position, the switch controls the on-off of the first wire 2 and the second wire 3, and the controller controls the on-off of the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 in the coil 1 according to the detected rotor position, so that the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 are connected in a spaced form or disconnected at the same time, thereby realizing the control of the current direction in the direct current motor. The above direct current motor, in a coil 1, the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 are arranged in parallel, and the two wires are arranged in opposite directions, that is, the current directions are opposite. When the first wire 2 is connected to the battery 9, the current direction is positive, and when the second wire 3 is connected to the battery 9, the current direction is reverse. The positive and reverse directions are only relative. By flowing different direction currents through the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 respectively, the same wire can be avoided to flow different direction currents, and the electric loss is reduced. At the same time, the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 provide different direction currents respectively, realize the change of the current direction of the coil 1, and the different direction currents of the coil 1 are completed by different wires, which can also improve the service life of the wire.

[0032] In specific use, when the first wire 2 is connected to the battery 9, the second wire 3 is not connected to the battery 9 at this time, and the current in the first wire 2 generates a magnetic field in a certain direction, which drives the rotor to rotate. When the rotor rotates to a certain angle, the magnetic field generated by the current in the first wire 2 cannot drive the rotor, at this time, the first wire 2 is not connected to the battery 9, and the current in the second wire 3 generates a magnetic field in a certain direction, which continues to drive the rotor to rotate. Of course, it should be noted that the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 cannot be connected at the same time, but the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 can be arranged to be disconnected from the battery 9 at the same time, or cannot be disconnected from the battery 9 at the same time. By flowing different direction currents through the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 respectively, the same wire can be avoided to flow different direction currents, the loss caused by the reactive power of the capacity resistance and the inductance is reduced, and the electric loss is reduced. At the same time, the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 provide different direction currents respectively, realize the change of the current direction of the coil 1, and the different direction currents of the coil 1 are completed by different wires, the service life of the wire is shortened, and the service life of the wire is also improved.

[0033] Specifically, in the embodiment, the power supply 9 is used to supply current. Meanwhile, the DC motor can also have a kinetic energy recovery function. In a conventional kinetic energy recovery, kinetic energy recovery is performed when the power supply 9 is not working, that is, kinetic energy recovery and power supply cannot be performed simultaneously, but in the embodiment, a specific way of simultaneously performing kinetic energy recovery and power supply is creatively designed, which is as follows: the DC motor further comprises a storage battery 8, the first wire 2 is connected to the storage battery 8, and the first wire 2 and the storage battery 8 are respectively provided with a third switch 12, which controls the intermittent on-off between the first wire 2 and the storage battery 8; the first switch 10 and the third switch 12 are set to be opened at intervals, that is, the first switch 10 and the third switch 12 cannot be opened at the same time, and when the first switch 10 is opened, the third switch 12 is disconnected; when the first switch 10 is disconnected, the third switch 12 can be opened. The second wire 3 is connected to the storage battery 8, and the second wire 3 and the storage battery 8 are respectively provided with a fourth switch 13, which controls the intermittent on-off between the first wire 2 and the storage battery 8; the second switch 11 and the fourth switch 13 are set to be opened at intervals; that is, the second switch 11 and the fourth switch 13 cannot be opened at the same time, and when the second switch 11 is opened, the fourth switch 13 is disconnected; when the second switch 11 is disconnected, the fourth switch 13 can be opened.

[0034] Through the above setting, when the first switch 10 is opened, that is, the first wire 2 and the power supply 9 are conductive, at this time the second switch 11 is disconnected with the power supply 9, at this time the fourth switch 13 can be opened, the second wire 3 and the storage battery 8 are conductive through the fourth switch 13, the second wire 3 and the storage battery 8 form a closed circuit, at this time the changing magnetic field cuts the second wire 3, the current formed by the second wire 3 due to the change of the magnetic field can be introduced into the storage battery 8, thereby realizing the function of kinetic energy recovery. Similarly, when the first switch 10 is disconnected, that is, the first wire 2 and the power supply 9 are disconnected, at this time the second switch 11 can be conductive with the power supply 9, at this time the third switch 12 can be opened, the first wire 2 and the storage battery 8 are conductive through the third switch 12, a closed circuit is formed between the first wire 2 and the storage battery 8, at this time the changing magnetic field cuts the first wire 2, the current formed by the first wire 2 due to the change of the magnetic field can be introduced into the storage battery 8, thereby realizing the function of kinetic energy recovery.

[0035] Through the above setting, when the first wire 2 and the power supply battery 9 are connected, the magnetic field generated by the current in the first wire 2 drives the rotor to rotate, at this time the second wire 3 and the battery 8 for recovering kinetic energy are connected, and kinetic energy recovery is realized. Of course, it should be noted that the opening of each switch should be adjusted according to the position of the rotor, and the position of the rotor determines the opening and closing of each switch. The signal of the above-mentioned rotor position can be completed by the brush, or by the position sensor for monitoring the rotating position of the rotor. The DC motor prepared by the above-mentioned method of the embodiment can recover the current formed by the wire connected with the battery 8, which can save energy, reduce eddy current loss, and avoid overheat of the coil 1. In addition, by conducting current in different directions through two wires, the use frequency of the wire can be reduced, and overheating or damage of the wire can be avoided.

[0036] More specifically, the embodiment also provides a specific connection method of the first wire 2 and the second wire 3: the tail 6 of the first wire and the head 5 of the second wire are connected together and connected with the positive electrode of the power supply battery 9 and the positive electrode of the battery 8; the head 4 of the first wire is connected with the power supply battery 9 and the battery 8 through the first switch 10 and the third switch 12 respectively. The tail 7 of the second wire is connected with the power supply battery 9 and the battery 8 through the second switch 11 and the fourth switch 13 respectively.

[0037] More specifically, during the operation of the DC motor, each switch is opened and closed according to the position of the rotor, and the frequency of opening and closing of the switch is high. In order to realize the rapid opening or closing of each switch, the first switch 10 to the fourth switch 13 are respectively the first insulated gate bipolar transistor to the fourth insulated gate bipolar transistor. Through the insulated gate bipolar transistor, the control frequency of each switch in the DC motor can be met.

[0038] More specifically, in the embodiment, the opening and closing of the first switch 10 to the fourth switch 13 have certain relationship, that is, the first switch 10 and the second switch 11 cannot be opened at the same time, that is, the two wires cannot be powered at the same time, the first switch 10 and the third switch 12 cannot be opened at the same time, the second switch 11 and the fourth switch 13 cannot be opened at the same time, that is, the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 can only supply power or recover electric energy, and cannot supply power while recovering kinetic energy. Therefore, in order to facilitate control, the on-off of the first switch 10 and the fourth switch 13 is synchronous; the on-off of the second switch 11 and the third switch 12 is synchronous; the opening of the first switch 10 and the on-off of the second switch 11 are not synchronous. Of course, when multiple sets of coils 1 are arranged, the first wire 2 and the second wire 3 can also be disconnected from the power supply battery 9 at the same time.

[0039] More specifically, in order to better recover kinetic energy, the battery 8 is also connected with a rectifier, and when the first wire 2 or the second wire 3 recovers kinetic energy, the current thereon is rectified by the rectifier and then stored in the battery 8.

[0040] More specifically, the coil 1 can be wound into one coil piece, or wound into multiple coil pieces in parallel. Each coil piece is referred to as a sub-coil. That is, the coil 1 includes multiple sub-coils, and each sub-coil is connected in parallel.

[0041] More specifically, in the embodiment, the coil 1 is provided in multiple groups, and each group of the coil 1 is arranged at different positions of the rotor or the stator. The groups of the coil 1 cooperate with each other, and thus the magnetic field is formed at different positions at different times, and thus the rotor is driven to rotate better.

[0042] Specifically, in the embodiment, the detected member can be any structure or material detected by the corresponding sensor. That is, the detected member and the sensor should be corresponding. In the embodiment, the photoelectric detection method is adopted. That is, the protruding section 19 is provided with a through hole 16, and the detected member is the through hole 16, and the sensor is a photoelectric sensor, which includes a light source emitter 17 and a light signal receiver 18 arranged on the motor body, respectively. When the rotor rotates to the preset position, the through hole 16 is located between the light source emitter 17 and the light signal receiver 18. The detection light emitted by the light source emitter 17 passes through the protruding section 19 of the rotor through the through hole 16, and is received by the light signal receiver 18. The light signal received by the light signal receiver 18 represents that the rotor has rotated to the preset position. The light signal received by the light signal receiver 18 is sent to the controller after conventional signal processing. The controller controls the opening and closing of the switch according to the preset instructions. When the coil 1 and the power supply 9 are connected through different circuits, the on-off of the switch can be controlled through one of the switches, and the change of the current direction can be controlled through multiple switches.

[0043] When one through hole 16 is provided, only two positions can be detected, that is, between the light source emitter 17 and the light signal receiver 18. The through hole 16 is located between the light source emitter 17 and the light signal receiver 18 twice when the rotor rotates one circle. When four positions need to be detected, that is, the brushless DC motor is a four-step motor, two through holes 16 are provided, and the two through holes 16 are arranged in a cross shape.

[0044] Specifically, the detected member on the protruding section and the sensor on the motor body are grating sensors. That is, a grating is arranged on the protruding section, and a light source emitter and a light signal receiver are arranged on the motor body.

[0045] It should be noted that the protruding section can be installed on the output shaft of the motor through threads.

[0046] The embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.

[0047] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described herein by using specific examples, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will have changes. In conclusion, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A DC motor, comprising a motor body, wherein a stator and a rotor are disposed within the motor body, and the stator and rotor are respectively provided with a magnetic block and at least two coils; characterized in that, The coil includes a first wire and a second wire, the first wire and the second wire are wound together, the first wire is connected to a battery, and a first switch is provided between the first wire and the battery. The first switch controls the intermittent switching between the first wire and the battery. The second wire is connected to the battery, and a second switch is provided between the second wire and the battery. The second switch controls the intermittent switching between the second wire and the battery. The first wire and the second wire are connected to the battery in opposite ways; the first switch and the second switch are configured to be opened alternately. The rotor is provided with an extension section that extends out of the motor body; the motor body is also provided with a sensor, and the extension section is provided with a detection component corresponding to the sensor. The sensor is used to detect the detection component, and the sensor is also connected to a controller, which is connected to each switch.

2. The DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC motor also includes a storage battery; The first wire is connected to the battery, and a third switch is respectively provided between the first wire and the battery. The third switch controls the intermittent switching between the first wire and the battery. The first switch and the third switch are configured to be opened intermittently. The second wire is connected to the battery, and a fourth switch is provided between the second wire and the battery. The fourth switch controls the intermittent switching between the first wire and the battery. The second switch and the fourth switch are configured to be turned on intermittently.

3. The DC motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tail end of the first wire and the head end of the second wire are connected together and connected to the positive terminal of the power supply battery and the positive terminal of the storage battery; the head end of the first wire is connected to the power supply battery and the storage battery respectively through the first switch and the third switch. The tail end of the second conductor is connected to the power supply battery and the storage battery respectively through the second switch and the fourth switch.

4. The DC motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switch to the fourth switch are respectively a first insulated gate bipolar transistor to a fourth insulated gate bipolar transistor.

5. The DC motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switch and the fourth switch are switched on and off synchronously; the second switch and the third switch are switched on and off synchronously; the opening of the first switch and the switching on and off of the second switch are not synchronized.

6. The DC motor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery is also connected to a rectifier.

7. The DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coil includes multiple sub-coils, which are connected in parallel.

8. The DC motor according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The coil is provided in multiple sets, and each set of the coil is located at a different position on the rotor or stator.

9. The DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protruding section is provided with a through hole, and the sensor is a photoelectric sensor, which includes a light source emitter and a light signal receiver respectively disposed on the motor body; There are two through holes, which are arranged in a cross shape.

10. The DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor on the protruding section and the sensor on the motor body are grating sensors.