Process, apparatus and system for the production of superheavy elements

Abstract

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Description

[0001] PROCESS, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS

[0002] The following specifications describe the invention.

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD:

[0004] The present invention relates to a process for the production of alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides and more specifically, this invention related to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alphaemitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 ( Oganesson) and Superheavy elements of island of stability , from transmuted resultant target material containing low mass, high mass, high density, rare earth, lanthanides and actinides radionuclides produced by a process, wherein target elements (any one or more elements of the periodic table, from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements) are reacted with paramagnetic and excited state of mercury based compound for transmutation of elements and production of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability.

[0005] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of chemistry, radiochemistry. Electrochemistry, nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, in particular, to process, apparatus and system for the production, separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 (Oganesson) and Superheavy elements of island of stability, but not limited to it, for nuclear medicine to cure life threatening diseases like cancer, heart attack and brain disorder, industrial applications, Alpha voltaic cells, radioisotope based thermoelectric generators. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

[0006] The present invention relates to a process for the production, separation, and purification of long-lived and short-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 ( Oganesson) and Superheavy elements of island of stability and more specifically, this invention related to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability from transmuted resultant target material containing low mass, high mass, high density, rare earth, lanthanides and actinides radionuclides produced by a process, wherein target elements (any one or more elements of the periodic table, from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements) are reacted with paramagnetic and excited state of mercury based compound of prior art WO 216181204 A l (Suneel Navnitdas Parekh), having internal resting energy in the terms of hundreds of terajoule for transmutation of elements and production of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability.

[0007] It is an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for the production, separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability for scientific research, nuclear medicine to cure life threatening diseases like cancer, heart attack and brain disorder, industrial applications, Alpha voltaic cells, radioisotope based thermoelectric generators, radioisotopes-based batteries for air and sea.

[0008] It is an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability from resultant target material obtained by transmutation of hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements by paramagnetic and excited state mercury-based compound as per prior art (Suneel N Parekh WO 2016181204 A 1 ) or any prior art, wherein mercury compound is paramagnetic, and is present in the excited state “metastable".

[0009] It is an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy elements as transactinide element, transactinides, or super heavy elements, the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than 103, but not limited to it, and Superheavy elements of island of stability from resultant target material obtained by transmutation of hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements by paramagnetic and excited state mercury-based compound.

[0010] It is an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides, with atomic number from 104, Rutherfordium, to element 118 ( Oganesson) , and Superheavy elements of island of stability from resultant target material obtained by transmutation of hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements by paramagnetic and excited state mercury-based compound.

[0011] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability from resultant target material obtained by transmutation of target elements hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements / isotopes, (one or more elements of periodic table, its isotopes, alloys, salts, Oxides and so on).

[0012] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability from resultant target material present in molten state, solid state, gaseous state and liquid state.

[0013] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability from resultant target material present obtained by transmutation of target elements from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements / isotopes using paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound having internal resting energy in terms of hundreds of terajoule and capable to transmute elements, (one or more elements of periodic table, its isotopes, alloys, salts, Oxides and so on, which are present in molten state, solid state, gaseous state and liquid state).

[0014] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability wherein a target element, such as High purity (99.9%) Bismuth (Bi) is used. 100 g of target element Bismuth was put into a graphite crucible of a melting furnace and heated to the molten state above its melting point, i.e., 370°C. Once the bismuth was heated until present in the molten state, 100 mg of the paramagnetic and excited state mercury-based compound (as per prior art PCT Publication number WO 2016181204 A 1 ) was added to 100g of the molten bismuth and the reaction was allowed to take place for a certain period of time while the mixture was stirred.

[0015] Following this, the resultant target material in molten state was poured off in a mould and allowed to cool down to room temperature so as to solidify the resultant target material. It is another embodiment, wherein on reaction of the target element such as pure Bismuth, with paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound (as per prior art PCT Publication number WO 2016181204 A l ), the mercury based compound transmutes the target element into many new elements including production of a Superheavy nuclide / elements, having a significantly shorter half-life than 10 days and alpha emission energy of about 5.7-5.8 MeV. The measured activity of the resultant target material containing the superheavy element was about 0.92 Bq / gram of the material.

[0016] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 (Oganesson) and Superheavy elements of island of stability wherein the production of superheavy elements occurs within microseconds to few minutes, using paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound, with target element, wherein the target element can be any, one or more, element of the periodic table from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements, such as Bismuth.

[0017] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alpha-emiting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability wherein the production of superheavy elements occurs within seconds, using paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound, with target element, wherein the target element can be any, one or more, element of the periodic table from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements, such as Bismuth.

[0018] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of long-lived alpha-emiting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability wherein, as soon as the target element, which can be any one or more elements of the periodic table from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements, comes in contact with the fabricated paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound, wherein the target element is present in the molten state / gaseous state I liquid state or in combination thereof, it is transmuted into many new' elements including Superheavy Elements.

[0019] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process, apparatus and system for production, separation, and purification of new- super exotic elements, which are not yet known to the world, from the resultant target material obtained by transmutation of the target element, w-herein the target element can be any one or more elements of the periodic table from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements, by the paramagnetic and excited state “metastable” mercury based compound

[0020] It is another embodiment, the new' superheavy element / new unknown elements, produced by transmutation of the target element using the fabricated paramagnet ic and excited state mercury-based compound, will assist the scientific community in understanding the origin of the Universe.

[0021] It is another embodiment, that all kinds of Superheavy elements can be produced having atomic number greater than 102, which are currently being produced by for example Cyclotron, Heavy Ion Accelerator, Large Hadron Collider, etc.

[0022] It is another embodiment, the Superheavy elements produced, on transmutation of the target element using prior art paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound (Suneel N Parekh WO 20161 81204 A l ), are produced in a very short amount of time in a large measurable quantity which is many times that compared to quantity of Superheavy elements being produced currently, wherein only a few- atoms of the Superheavy Elements can be produced in a day. It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System, that produces, separates and purifies long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability with major advantages of the transmutation process using paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound having large internal resting energy for transmutation of elements for production of long-lived alphaemitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability having high specific activity.

[0023] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System, that produces, separates, and purifies long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 and Superheavy elements of island of stability having a relatively long half-life compared to all Superheavy elements, which have a half -life of few microseconds to seconds synthesized / produced currently by cyclotron, Heavy Ion Accelerator or any other method.

[0024] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System, that produces, separates, and purifies long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 118 (oganesson) starting the eighth row of periodic table and island of stability which have suitable characteristics for use as Scientific Research, nuclear energy, medical radionuclides, but not limited to it.

[0025] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System, that produces, separates, and purifies the lanthanide and actinide superheavy radionuclides in solution. It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System,, for production, separation and purification of purifies long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides above element 1 18 starting the eighth row of periodic table and island of stability such as Element 1 19, 120, 121 , 122, 123 upto 172, but not limited to it, the method having the steps of dissolving resultant target material obtained by transmutation of target elements from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements / isotopes by using a paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound having internal resting energy in terms of hundreds of terajoule and capable to transmute elements, (one or more elements of periodic table, its isotopes, alloys, salts, Oxides and so on. which are present in molten state, solid state, gaseous state and liquid state).

[0026] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System, for production, separation and purification for production of high specific activity long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides / Element above element 118, and island of stability radionuclides with high specific activity. In various aspects, the recovered radionuclides can be carrier free or essentially carrier free, e.g. having a specific activity of about

[0027] 1 millicurie / microgram (mCi / μg) to 20 mCi / μg, about 1 mCi / μg to 10 mCi / μg, about 5 mCi / μg to 10 mCi / μg, about 5 mCi / μg to 15 mCi / μg, about 8 mCi / μg to 20 mCi / μg, or about 10 mCi / μg to 20 mCi / μg, about 0.0001 mCi / μg to I mCi / μg but not limited to it.

[0028] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides Generator System, for production, separation, and purification for production of high specific activity long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides / Element above element 118, and island of stability radionuclides / elements include mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid as the dissolution agent in the isotope liquid phase. It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides / Elements Generator System for a method of fabricating a mercury based compound as a source of energy for transmutation of target elements for production of long-lived alpha-emitting Superheavy radionuclides / Element above element 118, starting the eighth row of the periodic table and island of stability radionuclides / elements, wherein in the fabricated mercury based compound is paramagnetic and is present in an excited state, the method comprising for fabrication of mercury based compound having the steps of:

[0029] -providing a pure mineral acid or a solution of mineral acid in a container;

[0030] -adding liquid mercury to the container;

[0031] -reacting the mercury and the mineral acid to form a mixture; and

[0032] -drying the mixture to form the mercury based compound in powder form at a room temperature and environmental pressures, wherein the ratio of mineral acid to liquid mercury is selected from the range of between at least substantially 0.1 : 1 and 10: 1 of mineral acid to mercury, wherein mineral acid is based on ml and liquid mercury is based on gram, and wherein the step of drying is carried out at a temperature selected in the range of 80° to 150°C for a time selected in the range of 30 mins to 10 hours.

[0033] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides / Elements Generator System, wherein a method of fabricating a mercury based compound as a source of energy for transmutation of target elements for production of Superheavy elements above 118 alpha-emitting radioisotopes / elements bonded with functional group complexes, organic compounds and carbon nanotubes and further separation and purification of Superheavy alpha-emitting radioisotopes above 118 bonded with functional group complexes, organic compounds and carbon nanotubes from resultant target material . Superheavy elements above 118 belongs on the eighth row of the periodic table.

[0034] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides / Elements Generator System, for production, separation and purification of Superheavy elements above 118 having energy range of 2 KeV to 9 MeV but not limited to it.

[0035] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides / Elements Generator System, for production, separation and purification of Superheavy elements above 118 from transmutation-produced material as paramagnetic material containing unpaired electrons obtained from of any one or more elements of the periodic table, present in solid state or liquid state or gaseous state, having either excess of electrons or less of electrons, which can be recovered using reducing agent.

[0036] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Radionuclides / Elements Generator System, for production, separation and purification of Superheavy elements above 118 from transmutation-produced material as paramagnetic material containing unpaired electrons obtained from of any one or more elements of the periodic table, present in solid state or liquid state or gaseous state, having either excess of electrons or less of electron, which can be recovered using oxidizing agent.

[0037] It is another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a Superheavy Elements Generator System, for production, separation and purification of Superheavy elements above 118 from transmutation-produced material as paramagnetic material containing unpaired electrons obtained from of any one or more elements of the periodic table, present in solid state or liquid state or gaseous state, having either excess of electrons or less of electrons which can be recovered using redox process.

[0038] Further the present disclosure relates to the process for production / making of amorphous metals by employing the paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound produced by prior art WO 2016181204 ( Suneel Navnitdas Parekh) or any other method, wherein fabricated mercury based compound is paramagnetic and is present in the excited state “metastable” and capable to transmute elements. Paramagnetic and excited state mercury compound is used as a source of energy for transmutation of any one or more target element of periodic table or in combination thereof.

[0039] In an embodiment, preferred target elements such as Al, Ti, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, pd, Au, Sn, Zr Pb„ or in combination thereof , but not limiting to it.

[0040] In yet another embodiment, the target element such as Iron / Steel (Fe) is put in the melting furnace to make it in molten condition and then paramagnetic and excited state Mercury based compound in powder or slurry forms is added to molten iron / steel, reacts with molten Iron / Steel / Stainless steel for production of armour steel / armour iron based alloy.

[0041] In yet another embodiment, the target element such as Aluminum (Al) is put in the melting furnace to make it in molten condition and then paramagnetic and excited state Mercury based compound in powder or slurry forms is added to molten Aluminum, reacts with nucleus of target element and transmutes target element Aluminum into amorphous Aluminum based metal alloy. In an embodiment, target element present in crystalline form of target element reacts with the paramagnetic and excited state mercury based compound and said target element / s converts into amorphous metal / alloy.

[0042] In yet another embodiment, the target element is selected from any one or more elements of periodic table or in combination thereof.

[0043] In still another embodiment, the target element is present in a molten state, liquid state, solid state or gaseous state or any combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment the target element is present in molten state or liquid state.

[0044] As used in the present disclosure, the term “element” includes the elements of the periodic table and its isotopes.

[0045] In an embodiment, amorphous metal produced is used for all kind of industrial and commercial applications wherever amorphous material is used.

[0046] In yet another embodiment, the amorphous metal can be produced in the form of solid metal ingot or powder form.

[0047] In yet another embodiment, the amorphous metal / s have increased stability, and possess desirable physical properties.

[0048] In an embodiment, amorphous metal / s is produced in variety of forms, e.g., ribbons, sheets, wire, powder, a filament with a cross-section which is approximately circular, a rod-like filament, as contrasted with strands which are ribbon like. In yet another embod iment resultant target material produced is amorphous metal and has a disordered atomic structure in contrast to the crystalline structure of target elemenl / s, and features a high tensile strength and extremely low magnetic losses.

[0049] In yet another embodiment resultant amorphous metal alloys is used for structural applications, sporting equipment, razor blades, medical scalpels, aviation, automobiles, industrial coatings, Casting, Solar wind collector tiles, transformers, Electric power distribution application.

[0050] In yet another embodiment, resultant amorphous metals are very strong and yet malleable, as well as harder and more corrosion-resistant than conventional metals.

[0051] In yet another embodiment, amorphous iron / steel metal as the toughest steel for making structure of buildings, cars or bridges.

[0052] In yet another embodiment amorphous metal alloys as potential membranes for hydrogen purification.

[0053] In yet another embodiment, the target element can be one or more elements of periodic table or in combination thereof, target elements selected from the group consisting Be, B, C, Mg, Al, Si , P, S, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Pd , Rh, Os, Ag „ Cd, In, Sn, Sb, La, Ac, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, but not limiting to it and in the combination thereof.

[0054] In yet another embodiment the paramagnetic and excited state “metastable” mercury based compound reacts with the nucleus of target element for production of amorphous metals / alloys and resultant target material contains low mass elements like hydrocarbons / functional group complexes bonded high mass elements, high density elements, rare earth elements and superheavy elements in nano form of elements / metal / alloys.

[0055] In yet another embodiment, amorphous metals find a variety of uses such as reinforcement use, e.g. as tire cord or as reinforcement in moulded thermoplastic or thermosetting plastics; as filter media; biomedical reinforcement, e.g. sutures; as relay magnets; corrosion resistant chemical processing equipment; and the like.

[0056] In another embodiment, amorphous metal can be shaped in any size in lengths, width and diameter.

[0057] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to making of amorphous metal is not restricted to size, shape, and form.

[0058] In another embodiment amorphous metal alloys provide strong, corrosion-resistant material; selected compositions of these amorphous alloys are relatively unreactive with concentrated surfuric, hydrochloric, or nitric acid. For example, amorphous metal alloy is found to be several orders of magnitude less reactive than stainless steels with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

[0059] It is another embodiment that amorphous metals / alloys can be used for saving power loss in transmission and other applications.

[0060] In further embodiment, that resultant metal alloys after transmutation, also have the desirable properties of high strength and hardness, ductility, and corrosion resistance even when they are partially crystalline.

[0061] In another embodiment hydrogen-rich materials with a higher transition temperature / high temperature superconductor can be produced by reacting paramagnetic and excited state mercury-based compound with target element any one or more element of periodic table from hydrogen to uranium and transuranic elements (target element can be any one or more elements of the periodic table from H to U and TRU).

[0062] In another embodiment that resultant target material contains polymers or other hydrogen-rich compounds bonded with many other elements / metal / ' alloys after transmutation of target element. The resultant material is superconductive at room temperature. These superconductors that can be used for a wide range of technical applications.

[0063] In yet another embodiment, the target element can be any one or more of periodic table and in combination thereof.

[0064] In another embodiment, the target element is preferred in the molten state, liquid state, gaseous state, solid state or in combination thereof.

[0065] In yet another embodiment, the paramagnetic and excited mercury-based compound is added in powder form or in the form of slurry.

[0066] In still another embodiment, the amorphous metal / alloy is produced by reacting paramagnetic and excited state mercury-based compound with a target element selected from one or more elements of the periodic table and converts said target element into amorphous metals / alloy.

Claims

Claims1. A process of producing a superheavy radionuclide (of atomic number greater than 118) through transmutation of a target material by reacting the target material with a mercury-based compound as a source of transmutation energy, the mercury-based compound being paramagnetic and existing in an excited state.

2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the target element is at least one of the group consisting of Al, Ti, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Pd, Au, Sn, Zr, Pb,3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the target element is Bismuth,4. A process according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein the superheavy radionuclide is an alpha emitter.

5. A process according to claim 4, wherein the alpha emission energy is between about 2 KeV to 9 MeV, preferably 5.7 to 5.8 MeV.

6. A process according to anyone of claims 4 or 5, wherein the half-life is shorter than 10 days.

7. A process according to anyone of claims 1 to 6, wherein the superheavy element is of atomic number greater than 102, preferably greater than 118.

8. A process according to anyone cf claims 1 to 7, wherein fabrication of the mercury-based compound comprises the steps of: providing a pure mineral acid or a solution of mineral acid in a container; adding liquid mercury to the container; reacting the mercury and the mineral acid to form a mixture; and drying the mixture to form the mercury-based compound in powder form at a room temperature and environmental pressures, wherein the ratio of mineral acid to liquid mercury is selected from the range of between at least substantially 0.1 :1 and 10:1 of mineral acid to mercury, wherein mineral acid is based on ml and liquid mercury is based on gram, and wherein the step of drying is carried out at atemperature selected in the range of 80° to 150°C for a time selected in the range of 30 mins to 10 hours.