Composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

NOT VISIBLE DUE TO STATUS OF PATENT

Description

Composite materials and their preparation methods

[0001] This disclosure is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510293142.X, filed on March 13, 2025, entitled “Composite Material and Preparation Method Thereof”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of resin technology, and in particular to a composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0003] PMMA (Polymeric Methyl Methacrylate) is a material with excellent light resistance, meeting the lighting requirements of automotive exteriors and thus suitable for applications such as automotive headlights. However, PMMA itself is brittle and has low impact strength, making it unsuitable for applications involving stress or crash testing. Currently, the mainstream approach is to composite PMMA with ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer). Adding ASA to PMMA improves its toughness and expands its applications. However, ASA's heat resistance is significantly lower than PMMA's. Adding ASA to PMMA lowers its Vicat softening point, resulting in poor heat resistance in PMMA / ASA composites, making them unsuitable for high-temperature applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a composite material and its preparation method, which can improve the heat resistance of the composite material. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On one hand, a composite material is provided, the composite material comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0006] 50-90 parts of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 10-40 parts of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer (ASA), 5-20 parts of ethylene-propylene-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (AES), 0.1-3 parts of crosslinking agent, 0.1-1 parts of heat stabilizer, 1-10 parts of compatibilizer, and 0.1-3 parts of light stabilizer.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the mass fraction of ethylene propylene rubber in the AES is 20% to 50%.

[0008] In another possible implementation, the PMMA has a melt flow index of 0.5 g / min to 20 g / min at 230°C and 3.5 kg.

[0009] In another possible implementation, the mass fraction of acrylate rubber in the ASA is 20% to 60%.

[0010] In another possible implementation, the crosslinking agent includes at least one of cumene peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, potassium peroxide, and sodium peroxide.

[0011] In another possible implementation, the compatibilizer is a binary copolymer of any two of the components of acrylonitrile, styrene, and maleic anhydride; or a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, styrene, and maleic anhydride.

[0012] In another possible implementation, the mass fraction of maleic anhydride in the terpolymer or the binary copolymer containing the maleic anhydride is 15% to 50%.

[0013] In another possible implementation, the heat stabilizer includes at least one of hindered phenolic heat stabilizers and hypophosphite heat stabilizers.

[0014] In another possible implementation, the light stabilizer includes at least one of hindered amine light stabilizers and ultraviolet absorbers.

[0015] On the other hand, a method for preparing a composite material is provided, the method comprising:

[0016] According to the weight proportions of each component, the AES and ASA are first mixed evenly, and then the crosslinking agent and 0.05 to 0.4 parts of the heat stabilizer are added and mixed evenly to obtain the first mixture.

[0017] The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the extrusion temperature is in the range of 190℃~230℃ to obtain a mixture;

[0018] The mixture is mixed evenly with the PMMA, the compatibilizer, the light stabilizer and 0.05 to 0.6 parts of the heat stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0019] The second mixture is added to the twin-screw extruder, and the extrusion temperature is in the range of 190℃ to 250℃ to obtain the composite material.

[0020] This application provides a composite material in which AES is introduced as a co-toughening agent for ASA. Utilizing the ethylene propylene rubber in the AES molecular structure, micro-crosslinking of AES and ASA is achieved through a crosslinking agent. The micro-crosslinked toughening agent can improve the heat resistance of the entire system while maintaining toughness. Specifically, this composite material achieves a Vicat softening temperature of 105°C under test conditions of a 50N load and a heating rate of 50°C / min, which meets the requirements for use in automotive exterior trim parts.

[0021] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below.

[0023] On one hand, embodiments of this application provide a composite material comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0024] PMMA 50-90 parts, ASA 10-40 parts, AES (ethylene-propylene-styrene-acrylonitrile) 5-20 parts, crosslinking agent 0.1-3 parts, heat stabilizer 0.1-1 part, compatibilizer 1-10 parts, light stabilizer 0.1-3 parts.

[0025] The weight percentages of PMMA can be 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, or 90 parts. For example, the weight percentages of PMMA can be 55 to 75 parts.

[0026] The weight portions of ASA can be 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 parts, etc. For example, the weight portions of ASA can be 20 to 30 parts.

[0027] The weight fractions of AES can be 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, etc. For example, the weight fractions of AES can be 6 to 15.

[0028] The weight parts of the crosslinking agent can be 0.1 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.8 parts, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 1.8 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, etc. For example, the weight parts of the crosslinking agent can be 0.3 to 0.8 parts.

[0029] The heat stabilizer can be present in parts by weight of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 part. For example, the heat stabilizer can be present in parts by weight of 0.1 to 0.5 parts.

[0030] The compatibilizer can be present in parts by weight of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. For example, the compatibilizer can be present in parts by weight of 3 to 5.

[0031] The light stabilizer can be present in parts by weight of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.5, or 3 parts. For example, the light stabilizer can be present in parts by weight of 0.5 to 1 part.

[0032] This application provides a composite material in which AES is introduced as a co-toughening agent for ASA. Utilizing the ethylene propylene rubber in the AES molecular structure, micro-crosslinking of AES and ASA is achieved through a crosslinking agent. The micro-crosslinked toughening agent can improve the heat resistance of the entire system while maintaining toughness. Specifically, under test conditions of a 50N load and a heating rate of 50℃ / min, the Vicat softening temperature of this composite material can reach 105℃ or even 106℃, which meets the requirements for use in automotive exterior parts.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the mass fraction of ethylene propylene rubber in AES is 20% to 50%.

[0034] The mass fraction of ethylene propylene rubber in AES can be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, etc. For example, the mass fraction of ethylene propylene rubber in AES can be 30% to 40%.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the melt flow index of PMMA at 230°C and 3.5 kg is 0.5 g / min to 20 g / min.

[0036] The melt flow index of PMMA at 230℃ and 3.5kg can be 0.5g / min, 1g / min, 2g / min, 3g / min, 5g / min, 8g / min, 10g / min, 12g / min, 15g / min, 18g / min, 20g / min, etc. For example, the melt flow index of PMMA at 230℃ and 3.5kg can be 2g / min to 10g / min.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the mass fraction of acrylate rubber in ASA is 20% to 60%.

[0038] The mass fraction of acrylate rubber in ASA can be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, etc. For example, the mass fraction of acrylate rubber in ASA can be 40% to 60%.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the crosslinking agent is primarily a peroxide, including at least one of cumene peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, potassium peroxide, and sodium peroxide.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, AES and ASA are micro-crosslinked by a crosslinking agent, and the toughening agent after micro-crosslinking is used to improve the problem of decreased heat resistance of the material caused by the addition of ASA.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the compatibilizer is a binary copolymer of any two of the components of acrylonitrile, styrene, and maleic anhydride; or a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, styrene, and maleic anhydride.

[0042] In this implementation, if the compatibilizer is a binary copolymer, the compatibilizer can be a binary copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene, a binary copolymer of acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride, or a binary copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride.

[0043] In this terpolymer or binary copolymer containing maleic anhydride, the mass fraction of maleic anhydride is 15% to 50%, for example, the mass fraction of maleic anhydride can be 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, etc. For example, the mass fraction of maleic anhydride can be 20% to 30%.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned compatibilizer can improve the compatibility between PMMA, AES and ASA, and enhance the overall performance of the PMMA / ASA / AES composite material.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the heat stabilizer includes at least one of hindered phenolic heat stabilizers and hypophosphite heat stabilizers.

[0046] In this implementation, the heat stabilizer may include at least one of BASF 1010, BASF 1076, BASF 168, BASF 626 and BASF 627.

[0047] In the embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned heat stabilizer can significantly prevent the aging of the composite material and extend its service life.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the light stabilizer includes at least one of hindered amine light stabilizers and ultraviolet absorbers.

[0049] In this implementation, the light stabilizer may include at least one of BASF 770, BASF 944, BASF 234, and BASF UV-P.

[0050] In the embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned light stabilizer can reduce the possibility of chemical reaction of PMMA / ASA / AES composite materials and prevent or delay the photoaging process.

[0051] On the other hand, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing a composite material, the method comprising:

[0052] Step 101: According to the weight parts of each component, first mix AES and ASA evenly, then add crosslinking agent and 0.05 to 0.4 parts of heat stabilizer and continue to mix evenly to obtain the first mixture.

[0053] The weight percentage of the heat stabilizer added in step 101 can be 0.05 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.12 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.18 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.22 parts, 0.25 parts, 0.26 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.35 parts, 0.4 parts, etc.

[0054] In step 101, AES and ASA are first mixed evenly for 2 to 3 minutes. Then, crosslinking agent and heat stabilizer are added and mixed evenly for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0055] The mixing time for AES and ASA can be 2 min, 2.5 min, 3 min, etc., without specific limitations. The mixing time after adding heat stabilizer and crosslinking agent can be 5 min, 6 min, 7 min, 8 min, 9 min, 10 min, etc., without specific limitations.

[0056] Step 102: Add the first mixture into a twin-screw extruder and extrude at a temperature of 190℃ to 230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0057] The first mixture was added to a twin-screw extruder to carry out a micro-crosslinking reaction, resulting in a micro-crosslinked ASA / AES mixture.

[0058] The extrusion temperature can be controlled in nine segments, with each segment spaced 5°C apart.

[0059] Step 103: Mix the mixture with PMMA, compatibilizer, light stabilizer and 0.05 to 0.6 parts of heat stabilizer until homogeneous to obtain a second mixture.

[0060] The mass fraction of the heat stabilizer added in step 103 can be 0.05 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.18 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.22 parts, 0.25 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.32 parts, 0.34 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.45 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.55 parts, 0.6 parts, etc.

[0061] The mixing time in step 103 can be set and changed as needed, and there is no specific limitation. For example, the mixing time can be 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 15 minutes, etc.

[0062] Step 104: Add the second mixture into a twin-screw extruder and extrude at a temperature of 190℃ to 250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0063] The second mixture was added to a twin-screw extruder for blending to obtain a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material.

[0064] In step 104, the extrusion temperature can also be controlled in nine segments, with the first five segments spaced 5°C apart and the last four segments spaced 10°C apart.

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, by controlling the content of peroxide, extrusion temperature, screw combination, etc., the particle size of the micro-crosslinked material can be controlled to below 5 μm, and 90% of the micro-crosslinked material particles are below 1 μm.

[0066] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0067] In the following specific embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all operations shall be performed under normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0068] In Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4, the crosslinking agent was cumene peroxide.

[0069] The compatibilizer in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 is a binary copolymer of acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride, wherein the mass fraction of acrylonitrile is 75% and the mass fraction of maleic anhydride is 25%. The compatibilizer in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 is a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, styrene and maleic anhydride, wherein the mass fraction of acrylonitrile is 55%, the mass fraction of styrene is 20%, and the mass fraction of maleic anhydride is 25%.

[0070] The heat stabilizers in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were mixtures of BASF 1010, BASF 168 and BASF 626, wherein the mass fraction of BASF 1010 was 80%, the mass fraction of BASF 168 was 10%, and the mass fraction of BASF 626 was 10%.

[0071] The light stabilizers in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were mixtures of BASF 770, BASF 944, BASF 234 and BASF UV-P, wherein the mass fraction of BASF 770 was 40%, the mass fraction of BASF 944 was 30%, the mass fraction of BASF 234 was 20%, and the mass fraction of BASF UV-P was 10%.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] Example 1 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0074] (1) First, mix 10 parts of AES and 20 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.1 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.3 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0075] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0076] (3) Mix the mixture with 70 parts PMMA, 3 parts compatibilizer, 0.1 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0077] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0078] The specific composition of Example 1 can also be found in Table 1. Similarly, the specific composition of subsequent Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 can also be found in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Example 2 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0082] (1) First, mix 15 parts of AES and 15 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.1 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0083] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0084] (3) Mix the mixture with 70 parts PMMA, 3 parts compatibilizer, 0.1 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0085] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] Example 3 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0088] (1) First, mix 10 parts of AES and 20 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.12 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.6 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0089] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0090] (3) Mix the mixture with 70 parts PMMA, 3 parts compatibilizer, 0.18 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0091] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] Example 4 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0094] (1) First, mix 15 parts of AES and 20 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.18 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.6 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0095] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0096] (3) Mix the mixture with 65 parts PMMA, 5 parts compatibilizer, 0.22 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0097] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0098] Example 5

[0099] Example 5 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0100] (1) First, mix 10 parts of AES and 25 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.22 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.8 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0101] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0102] (3) Mix the mixture with 65 parts PMMA, 5 parts compatibilizer, 0.28 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0103] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0104] Example 6

[0105] Example 6 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0106] (1) First, mix 20 parts of AES and 15 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.12 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.8 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0107] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0108] (3) Mix the mixture with 65 parts PMMA, 5 parts compatibilizer, 0.18 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0109] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0110] Comparative Example 1

[0111] Comparative Example 1 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0112] (1) First, mix 20 parts of AES and 5 parts of ASA evenly for 3 minutes. Then add 0.26 parts of heat stabilizer and 1.0 parts of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0113] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0114] (3) Mix the mixture with 75 parts PMMA, 5 parts compatibilizer, 0.34 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0115] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] Comparative Example 2 provides a PMMA / ASA composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0118] (1) Mix 30 parts of ASA, 0.1 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.3 parts of crosslinking agent evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0119] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0120] (3) Mix the mixture with 70 parts PMMA, 3 parts compatibilizer, 0.1 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0121] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0122] Comparative Example 3

[0123] Comparative Example 3 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0124] (1) Mix 26 parts of ASA and 4 parts of AES evenly for 3 minutes, then add 0.1 parts of heat stabilizer and 0.3 parts of crosslinking agent and continue mixing evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0125] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0126] (3) Mix the mixture with 70 parts PMMA, 3 parts compatibilizer, 0.1 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0127] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0128] Comparative Example 4

[0129] Comparative Example 4 provides a PMMA / ASA / AES composite material, which is obtained by the following preparation method:

[0130] (1) Mix 5 parts of ASA and 25 parts of AES evenly for 3 minutes, then add 0.26 parts of heat stabilizer and 1.0 part of crosslinking agent and continue to mix evenly for 10 minutes to obtain the first mixture.

[0131] (2) The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~230℃ to obtain the mixture.

[0132] (3) Mix the mixture with 70 parts PMMA, 5 parts compatibilizer, 0.34 parts heat stabilizer and 0.5 parts light stabilizer to obtain a second mixture.

[0133] (4) The second mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder and the extrusion temperature is 190℃~250℃ to obtain a composite material.

[0134] Application Examples

[0135] The composite materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested in this application. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0136] Table 2

[0137] The test method for notched impact of simply supported beams shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 179-1 / 1eA, and the test method for Vicat softening temperature shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 306 / B 50.

[0138] As can be seen from Table 2, the notched impact strength and Vicat softening temperature of the composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 6 are significantly better than those in Comparative Example 2. In particular, the Vicat softening temperature of the composite material prepared in Example 2 is as high as 106℃. This is because an appropriate amount of AES was added to the composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 6. The ethylene propylene rubber in AES and ASA underwent micro-crosslinking, thereby improving the heat resistance of the overall system while ensuring the toughness of the material.

[0139] Although AES was also added in Comparative Example 3, the amount of AES added was relatively small. Therefore, the composite material prepared in Comparative Example 3 had lower notched beam impact strength and Vicat softening temperature. While the composite materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 4 also exhibited high notched beam impact strength and Vicat softening temperature, the amount of ASA added in Comparative Example 1 was relatively small, while the amount of AES added in Comparative Example 4 was relatively large, both resulting in products that did not meet the required appearance. This demonstrates that the weight percentages of ASA and AES have a significant impact on the appearance and performance of the product.

[0140] The above description is only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A composite material, wherein, The composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 10-40 parts of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer (ASA), 5-20 parts of ethylene-propylene-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (AES), 0.1-3 parts of crosslinking agent, 0.1-1 parts of heat stabilizer, 1-10 parts of compatibilizer, and 0.1-3 parts of light stabilizer.

2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein, The mass fraction of ethylene propylene rubber in the AES is 20% to 50%.

3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein, The melt flow index of the PMMA at 230℃ and 3.5kg is 0.5g / min to 20g / min.

4. The composite material of claim 1, wherein, The mass fraction of acrylate rubber in the ASA is 20% to 60%.

5. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein, The crosslinking agent includes at least one of cumene peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, potassium peroxide, and sodium peroxide.

6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein, The compatibilizer is a binary copolymer of any two components of acrylonitrile, styrene, and maleic anhydride; or a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, styrene, and maleic anhydride.

7. The composite material of claim 6, wherein, The mass fraction of maleic anhydride in the terpolymer or binary copolymer containing maleic anhydride is 15% to 50%.

8. The composite material of claim 1, wherein, The heat stabilizer includes at least one of hindered phenolic heat stabilizers and hypophosphite heat stabilizers.

9. The composite material of claim 1, wherein, The light stabilizer includes at least one of hindered amine light stabilizers and ultraviolet absorbers.

10. A method of making a composite material, wherein, The composite material is as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the preparation method comprises: According to the weight proportions of each component, the AES and ASA are first mixed evenly, and then the crosslinking agent and 0.05 to 0.4 parts of the heat stabilizer are added and mixed evenly to obtain the first mixture. The first mixture is added to a twin-screw extruder, and the extrusion temperature is in the range of 190℃~230℃ to obtain a mixture; The mixture is mixed evenly with the PMMA, the compatibilizer, the light stabilizer and 0.05 to 0.6 parts of the heat stabilizer to obtain a second mixture. The second mixture is added to the twin-screw extruder, and the extrusion temperature is in the range of 190℃ to 250℃ to obtain the composite material.