Geothermal binary ORC systems are evolving rapidly across five sub-domains — from zeotropic working fluids to TEG-ORC hybrids. This report maps patent filings and literature spanning 2015–2025.
Coverage period of retrieved patent and literature records in this dataset
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9 CN
Chinese patent filings identified across 8 distinct assignees in this dataset
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20.6%
Maximum second-law efficiency gain reported for zeotropic mixtures over pure fluids in retrieved records
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4 jurisdictions
Patent jurisdictions covered by active filings in this dataset
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Published byPatSnap Insights Team··12 min readVerified by PatSnap Eureka Data
Technology Overview
How Geothermal Binary ORC Systems Work and Why Optimization Matters
Geothermal binary ORC systems use a closed-loop secondary cycle in which a low-boiling-point organic fluid — such as R245fa, isopentane, isobutane, or zeotropic mixtures — is vaporized by geothermal brine via a heat exchanger, expanded through a turbine to generate electricity, condensed, and recirculated. The geothermal brine is fully reinjected, eliminating atmospheric emissions.
The technology targets the 100–180°C band characteristic of hydrothermal resources in Indonesia, Germany, Italy, Turkey, and China, though retrieved results span from below 80°C for ultra-low-enthalpy innovations up to approximately 230°C for transcritical systems. This temperature flexibility is central to the growing strategic importance of binary ORC as dispatchable, zero-emission baseload power.
Patent Filings by Jurisdiction — Geothermal Binary ORC (Dataset Snapshot)
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Within this dataset, optimization research spans five distinct sub-domains: thermodynamic and exergoeconomic cycle optimization; working fluid selection and zeotropic mixture optimization; hybrid and multi-source integration; advanced ORC configurations for bottoming and topping applications; and machine learning and digital twin operational approaches. Each cluster has distinct IP and literature signals.
The earliest publication in this dataset dates to 2015. Patent filing activity in retrieved records is concentrated across Turboden S.p.A. (Italy, WO/EP/US family) and Chinese assignees (9 CN filings across 8 distinct institutions), with Indian filings representing an emerging market signal. No Japanese or Korean patents appear in this dataset.
PatSnap Eureka Source: Patent and literature records retrieved via targeted searches; dataset snapshot 2015–2025. Filing counts reflect retrieved records only.Explore the data ↗
Filing Trends & Technology Clusters
Patent and Literature Activity Across ORC Optimization Sub-Domains
Across retrieved records, filing and publication activity clusters into five distinct technology sub-domains, with temporal patterns revealing a shift from foundational parametric studies (2015–2017) toward integrated hybrid and machine-learning approaches (2020–2025).
Technology Cluster Distribution — Geothermal Binary ORC (Dataset Snapshot)
In this dataset, hybrid/multi-source integration and working fluid optimization represent the two most populated literature clusters, each with multiple records, while high-efficiency architecture patents are concentrated in Turboden's coordinated WO/EP/US family.
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Filing Activity by Period — Geothermal Binary ORC Retrieved Records
In this dataset, the 2020–2025 period accounts for the majority of CN patent filings and emerging technology records, reflecting a clear acceleration in Chinese assignee activity relative to the 2015–2019 foundational cohort.
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PatSnap Eureka Source: Patent and literature records retrieved via targeted searches; dataset snapshot 2015–2025. Period counts reflect retrieved records only and do not represent total industry output.Explore the data ↗
Key Application Domains
Where Geothermal Binary ORC Optimization Is Being Deployed
Retrieved records span utility-scale hydrothermal power generation, combined heat and power, deep EGS resources, offshore platforms, and distributed polygeneration — with case studies across Indonesia, Germany, Italy, China, and Turkey.
Double Flash-Binary · Exergoeconomic Optimization
Ulubelu & Wayang Windu, Indonesia
Indonesia is the most recurrent geographic subject in this dataset, consistent with its estimated 29 GWe geothermal potential cited in retrieved literature. Case studies include the Ulubelu combined double flash-binary plant and the Wayang Windu binary system, with thermo-economic optimization analyses published in 2018 and 2019 respectively. The Lahendong/Pangolombian demonstration binary plant at approximately 400–500 kW scale is also documented as a real-plant case study.
A transcritical ORC system sized at 101.4 kWel operating in parallel with a heat exchanger for a commercial center in Southern Italy achieves seasonal flexibility in retrieved literature. The Phlegraean Fields are identified as a case study site for multi-objective geothermal cycle analysis. Italy also appears in Turboden S.p.A.'s commercial deployments underpinning the EP and WO patent family for high-efficiency binary architecture.
The Gonghe area of Qinghai Province, China, is cited as a case study for multi-objective heat extraction optimization from hot dry rock (HDR) resources in a 2021 retrieved study on double-stage ORC coupling. Double-stage ORC configurations show net power output improvements of 8.44%–12.20% over single-stage configurations when applied to HDR resources in this dataset. Xi'an Shiyou University's 2023 CN patent further addresses dual-stage ORC coupled to natural gas liquefaction using geothermal energy.
Offshore Platform ORC · Produced Water · Gas Cooling
Offshore Oil & Gas Platform ORC
A 2025 CNOOC Engineering Co., Ltd. CN patent addresses ORC power generation from low-temperature produced water on offshore oil and gas platforms, using natural gas return flow as the ORC condenser coolant — avoiding the need for seawater or air cooling systems. This application exploits the co-location of geothermal brine with hydrocarbon production on offshore platforms, representing a novel deployment environment for low-temperature ORC in this dataset.
PatSnap Eureka Source: Patent and literature records retrieved via targeted searches; dataset snapshot 2015–2025.Explore insights ↗
Key Patent Assignees
Leading Patent Assignees in Geothermal Binary ORC — Dataset Snapshot
In this dataset, Turboden S.p.A. holds the most consolidated patent family with 4 active filings across WO, EP, and US jurisdictions, while Chinese assignees collectively account for 9 CN filings across 8 distinct institutions in retrieved records — reflecting fragmented but accelerating activity.
Top Assignees by Filing Count — Geothermal Binary ORC (Dataset Snapshot)
Turboden S.p.A. (Italy) holds a coordinated patent family of 4 active filings across WO (2017), EP (2019), and US (2021, 2022) jurisdictions, representing the most consolidated industrial IP position in this dataset. The family covers a high-efficiency binary geothermal architecture using staged heat extraction: organic working fluid vaporized by geothermal vapor in a primary heat exchanger (EV1), pre-heated by geothermal liquid in PRE1, and further pre-heated by a second pre-heater (PRE2) exploiting non-condensed geothermal vapor/gas mixtures. All four patents are active, with the WO-origin filing suggesting broad international protection strategy consistent with Turboden's status as a recognized global ORC manufacturer.
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) holds 2 CN filings in this dataset (2022, active; and 2025), both covering a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module integrated into the ORC loop for mid-to-low-temperature geothermal fluid. The TEG component powers the ORC supply pump, creating a self-sustaining passive safety architecture. These filings represent one of the most technically differentiated emerging approaches in retrieved records, targeting geothermal resources in the temperature range below standard binary ORC thresholds.
This assignee holds multiple active patents in this technology cluster with filings spanning several jurisdictions and covering key process steps.
Undisclosed
Patent Assignee · Filing Activity
Additional Assignee
This assignee holds multiple active patents in this technology cluster with filings spanning several jurisdictions and covering key process steps.
Undisclosed
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Unlock full assignee breakdown: 8+ Chinese institutions and Indian filings
This dataset includes filings from Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute, CNOOC Engineering, East Sea Laboratory, and Nanjing Tianjia Energy Technology — each targeting distinct integration architectures. See full filing details and technology focus per assignee.
Xi'an Thermal Power — Heat Pump ORCCNOOC Engineering — Offshore Platform+ more
PatSnap Eureka Source: Patent records retrieved via targeted searches; dataset snapshot 2015–2025. Filing counts reflect retrieved records only.Explore players ↗
Emerging Directions
Five Emerging Technology Directions in Geothermal Binary ORC (2024–2025)
The most recent filings (2024–2025) and late-stage literature (2022–2023) in this dataset reveal five distinct emerging directions, predominantly from Chinese assignees, targeting integration, hybridization, and novel deployment environments.
TEG-ORC Self-Sustaining Passive Architecture
Two patents from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) — filed in 2022 (active) and 2025 — describe a thermoelectric generator module integrated into the ORC loop for mid-to-low-temperature geothermal fluid. The TEG component powers the ORC supply pump, creating a self-sustaining passive safety architecture. This approach targets geothermal resources below the standard binary ORC operating threshold and represents a novel path to improving system autonomy.
Heat Pump-Coupled ORC with 23.2% Combined Efficiency
A 2025 patent from Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd. (CN) combines a flash-cycle heat pump unit with an ORC-thermoelectric power generation unit, claiming a combined generation efficiency of 23.2% from mid-to-low-temperature geothermal resources. This architecture addresses the sub-80°C resource gap identified as a strategic technology challenge in this dataset. The filing reflects active commercialization-oriented design in China's domestic geothermal sector.
Unlock offshore ORC and polygeneration microgrid emerging signal details
Full analysis of CNOOC Engineering's offshore platform ORC patent and autonomous polygeneration microgrid architectures combining low-enthalpy geothermal with photovoltaics, wind, desalination, and hydrogen storage is available in the complete dataset view.
Offshore Platform ORC — CNOOC 2025Geothermal-Hydrogen Polygeneration Microgrid+ more
PatSnap Eureka Source: Patent and literature records retrieved via targeted searches; emerging direction analysis based on 2022–2025 filings and publications in this dataset.Explore emerging trends ↗
Technology Comparison
Turboden High-Efficiency Binary Architecture vs. Chinese TEG-ORC Hybrid Approach
Coordinated international family: WO origin (2017) → EP (2019) → 2× US grants (2021, 2022)
Two CN filings (2022 active; 2025 filed); no international family identified in this dataset
Patent Status
4 active patents (WO, EP, US×2) per retrieved records
2022 filing active; 2025 filing status per retrieved records
Commercial Maturity
Commercially deployed technology; Turboden is a recognized global ORC manufacturer
Patent-stage innovation; represents emerging approach for sub-threshold temperature resources
Geographic Focus
International (WO/EP/US); technology applied in Europe and globally
China domestic; targeting China's accelerating geothermal deployment
PatSnap Eureka Source: Patent records retrieved via targeted searches; dataset snapshot 2015–2025. Comparison based on retrieved patent documents only.Compare in Eureka ↗
According to retrieved records, the majority of studies target the 100–180°C band characteristic of hydrothermal resources in Indonesia, Germany, Italy, Turkey, and China. The dataset spans from below 80°C for ultra-low-enthalpy innovations up to approximately 230°C for transcritical systems.
In this dataset, zeotropic mixtures — including propane/isobutane, isobutane/isopentane, R227ea/R245fa, and pentane/butane — are shown to yield second-law efficiency gains of up to 20.6% over pure fluids in the 100–180°C heat source range.
Turboden S.p.A. (Italy) holds a coordinated patent family of 4 active filings across WO (2017), EP (2019), and US (2021, 2022) jurisdictions, representing the most consolidated industrial IP position in this dataset for high-efficiency binary geothermal architecture.
GOOML (Geothermal Operational Optimization with Machine Learning) is a hybrid data-driven/thermodynamic machine learning framework introduced in a 2021 publication, enabling digital twin-based operational optimization of real geothermal plants. It bridges idealized cycle models with as-built system behavior.
Four hybrid configurations are identified in this dataset: solar-geothermal (achieving 21.45% electrical efficiency, 5.7% above air-cooled baseline), biomass-geothermal, gas turbine exhaust-geothermal (990 configuration variants evaluated), and data center waste heat-geothermal cascade ORC using zeotropic working fluids (CN, 2024).
In this dataset, thermodynamic optimization studies show net power output improvements of 8.44%–12.20% for double-stage ORC over single-stage configurations when applied to hot dry rock (HDR) resources.
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Data and insights on this page are based on a limited patent and literature dataset and are for reference only. Figures may not represent the complete technology landscape.
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