Controlled iron content and exclusion of large magnetic impurities in positive electrode active material prevents voltage drop during charging.
Lithium metal phosphate cathode with amorphous carbon anode resolves energy density versus output characteristics trade-off for hybrid vehicles.
Optimized activated carbon to positive active material particle diameter ratio resolves power-reliability trade-offs, improving cycle-life characteristics.
A monoclinic complex oxide anode material enables high capacity and energy density through stable lithium ion diffusion channels.
Internal cavities in the frame assembly hold dense fill material to replace lost battery counterweight, stabilizing lift trucks during operation.