Strategic placement of 2'-OCH3 and 2'-F nucleosides improves nuclease resistance and hybridization specificity while reducing off-target effects.
Inverted nucleotide modifications in iRNA duplexes prevent nuclease degradation, enabling stable targeted gene inhibition.
Segmented G-quadruplex ASO conjugates resolve the trade-off between nuclease protection and RNase H cleavage compatibility.
Segmented oligonucleotides with bicyclic wing regions improve binding specificity and therapeutic efficacy despite increased chemical complexity.
Engineered guide RNAs use chemical modifications to recruit editing entities, reducing off-target effects and immunogenicity.