Solid or gaseous aluminium chloride enables lower-temperature metal oxide reduction with aluminium while preventing thermal runaway and fused by-products.
Nanocellulose-templated reactive precipitation simplifies aluminum hydroxide nanowire coating for separators with better thermal stability and liquid uptake.
De-alloying Al-Li in water creates porous aluminum that converts in ethanol to alumina nanowires with simpler processing and higher yield.
A two-reactor metal-alcohol route generates hydrogen and nano metal oxide powder with lower carbon emissions, cost, and storage risk.
A flux-assisted solid-state route forms high-aspect-ratio iota alumina at 400-800°C, avoiding complex gas-exchange equipment and high energy use.
Internal pores below 0.055 µm and controlled particle size help alumina granules sinter densely at lower temperatures with less energy use.
Lithium is recovered from bauxite through dissolution, precipitation, filtration, and evaporation to produce high-purity carbonate with lower cost and energy.