This modular unit replaces black powder with laser ignition and regulated air thrust for precise launches with less smoke and debris.
A softer dart cap and sealed deformable cavity vent gas on impact, enlarging target contact while preserving dart stability.
A hollow dart cap releases colored powder on impact, improving hit visibility while counterweighting preserves flight stability.
A tapered projectile with flutes, lubricant, and a driving band reduces frictional heating while preserving sealing and accuracy.
This case combines an iron-based bullet body with a coating over 100 μm to improve adhesion, lubrication, precision, and barrel life.
A removable threaded primer head opens the high-pressure chamber for propellant reloading, then restores sealing for repeated launches.
A protective window and tapered rear jacket shield electric illumination from exhaust gases while preserving trajectory tracking.
This case combines sabot segments and an ogive to simplify subcaliber munition manufacture while improving loading and range.