Electrical pacing shifts atrial contraction timing to cut ventricular filling and lower blood pressure while limiting adaptation.
Electrical pulses reduce atrial kick and ventricle filling, while periodic timing and feedback address cardiovascular adaptation.
Upper bearing members pivot leaflets using a large-radius contact zone to distribute load, reducing peak pressures that cause premature wear.
Electrical stimulation modulates atrial contraction timing to increase atrial pressure and stretch, reducing blood pressure without pharmaceutical side effects.