Multi-stage acid digestion separates phosphorus, calcium, and aluminum from incineration ash while avoiding chloride contamination and recycling acids.
A calcium sulfate urea adduct stabilizes nitrogen fertilizer blends, reducing moisture, clumping, and nitrogen loss in soil.
Suspending agents and dispersants keep high-load sulphate salt suspensions stable for at least a month by preventing precipitation and sedimentation.
Biotite with calcium compounds and magnesium nitrate improves ammonium nitrate fertilizer strength, lowers dusting and caking, and reduces explosive risk.
Single-stage leaching and ion exchange recover 226Ra from phosphogypsum while purifying gypsum for construction use.
Microporous oolitic aragonite infill improves turf drainage and cooling while neutralizing ammonia and resisting compaction.
Aqueous silica mineral suspensions replace dusty granules to improve silicon dissolution, safer handling, and fertilizer application efficiency.
Combining carbonate-clay powder, organic additives, and sulphate sulphur helps neutralize acidic soil while improving nutrient balance and application uniformity.
A staged UCS adduct and granulation process controls slurry moisture to preserve pumpability while producing stable, high-nitrogen fertilizer granules.
Stage-specific calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, and manganese dosing in hydroponic wrapper cultivation improves yield and leaf tensile force.
Active mineral layers mineralize injected CO2 while reacting with water to generate hydrogen, cutting sequestration cost and avoiding separate H2 production.
Anabaena PCC 7120 in modified BG-11 N0 media enables compact indoor hydroponics with nitrogen fixation, tap water use, and less chemical fertilizer.