Bipolar membrane electrodialysis separates lithium hydroxide from fluoride-bearing liquor while reusing the acidic stream for impurity stripping.
A nitrogen-bearing phosphor crystal maintains red to near-infrared brightness under high-energy excitation, improving LED emission stability.
By precipitating LiF from lithium and fluoride sludge, then using MVR and recirculation, this case cuts waste solids and recovers lithium economically.
A Ba-Si-O phosphor host with Eu maintains red to near-infrared emission under UV or visible excitation with minimal brightness deterioration.
Activated calcium fluoride seed crystals guide precipitation in fluorine wastewater to recover large, high-purity particles with less sludge.
Reacting halocarbons with metal salts produces inorganic halogen salts and carbon monoxide through high temperature chemical transformation.
Calcium fluoride suppresses phase transitions in yttrium oxyfluoride to prevent fracture and enhance halogen plasma resistance.