A thin low-absorption calorimeter measures FLASH radiotherapy dose from core temperature change while keeping beam perturbation low.
Transducers enable rapid radiation-dose checks during electron-beam sterilization.
A photonic calorimeter converts ionizing radiation into heat using a radiation absorber and optical waveguide.
A compact graphite probe calorimeter uses aerogel thermal insulation to measure absorbed radiation dose with sub-percent uncertainty.
A system of interchangeable ion beam targets generates monoenergetic neutron energies via nuclear reactions.
Calorimetric detection identifies radionuclides without chemical pretreatments, resolving matrix interference issues.