Laser beams heat saggar-loaded raw materials above 2400°C, enabling rapid artificial graphite production with lower power use and less space.
Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition forms high-purity SiC fibers that become granules for wafer ingot production with low oxygen contamination.
The staged process raises graphite carbon grade to at least 99.9% while reducing reliance on high temperatures and stringent leaching.
A copper foil generates microwave-induced sparks above 1000°C in a reducing environment to convert raw coal powder into nano-graphite.
A wet-impregnated CuO-CeO2/Nb2O5 composite reaches complete CO oxidation at 150°C and remains stable for 12 hours.