A diffusive catalyst loading process disperses metal ions within the coal matrix through ion-exchange and supercritical fluid treatment.
A hydrotreating catalyst rejuvenation process uses citric acid impregnation to restore metal oxide dispersion and catalytic activity.
Gluconic acid treatment redisperses hydrogenation metal components on used hydrotreating catalysts to restore catalytic activity.
Horizontal multi-pass grids prevent bubble coalescence and segregation, ensuring uniform catalyst regeneration in deep beds.
Oxalic acid treatment removes vanadium oxide from spent heavy oil catalysts, restoring activity to 95% of fresh levels.
A dehydrogenation reactor shutdown method introduces a reducing gas during controlled cooling stages to maintain catalyst activity.
An alkaline additive adjusts the pH of an organic acid activating solution above 3, mitigating alumina carrier dissolution and restoring metal dispersion.
Emulsion pre-treatment enhances sulphurisation degree and reduces catalyst attrition compared to inefficient traditional gaseous processes.
A catalyst composition featuring Group 8-10 elements on an alumina support enhances propylene yield during propane dehydrogenation.
Cyclic combustion and reduction of fluidized catalyst particles maintain activity during alkane upgrading.
Flue gas flows within heating tubes to heat catalyst streams, avoiding direct fuel contact and preventing catalyst damage from intense heat.
ROR method regenerates Fischer Tropsch catalysts using diluent gases to adjust mole weight, enabling compressor operation at elevated pressures.
Fluidized bed reactor with attached regeneration cycles oxygenated catalyst to achieve high ethane conversion and selectivity above flammability limits.
Group VIb metal impregnation on regenerated catalysts restores activity and selectivity while minimizing octane number loss.
Microwave heating followed by liquid nitrogen spraying removes ash and arsenic from poisoned honeycomb catalysts to restore denitration efficiency.
Adding a low-melting antimony compound suppresses vaporization losses, maintaining catalyst stability and acrylonitrile selectivity.
In situ sol-gel doping narrows the band gap of titanium dioxide, enabling effective degradation of toxic compounds under solar illumination.
Acid leaching removes inorganic contaminants from ash to regenerate tungsten co-catalysts.
Palladium membranes in a fluidized bed reactor selectively extract hydrogen, shifting equilibrium to enable near-complete conversion at elevated pressures.
Cobalt and zinc supported on alumina replace noble metals to boost selectivity while eliminating reactor coking.
Heating the cooling air stream prevents condensation and corrosion in the cooler, preserving heat exchange efficiency.