Three-dimensional star packing structure enhances gas-solid mixing in fluid catalytic cracking units, reducing coke adsorption and increasing product yields.
Zeolitic catalyst pyrolysis dechlorination reduces chloride content and viscosity in hydrocarbon liquid streams, enabling steam cracker feedstock use.
A heating riser transfers thermal energy from hot gas to cooled catalyst for return to a reactor vessel.
A recycle conduit inside the FCC riser shell transports spent catalyst directly to the reaction zone.