A Si- and W-alloyed austenitic stainless steel resists sulfuric acid corrosion in fuel cell separators without costly coatings or high molybdenum use.
Paired ridge outer faces in anode plates stop MEA bulging and separator buckling, preserving hydrogen and coolant flow with lower pressure loss.
A stepped manifold edge and thinner local seal raise gas inlet height in thin metallic separators while cutting air pressure loss.
Smaller auxiliary channels use capillary action to drain water from flooded electrode regions while maintaining more uniform gas supply.
An uneven ribbed bonding surface increases separator-to-holding-plate adhesion in a fuel cell single cell despite slit-limited contact area.
Staggered dividing portions in parallel separator passages improve gas diffusion into the gas diffusion layer and help sustain fuel cell efficiency.