Pulsed laser creates hydrophilic sealing-bead regions that confine low-viscosity elastomer coatings and help prevent leakage.
Perovskite catalyst supported in oxygen-electrode pores helps address electrolyte peeling and improve durability in high-temperature water electrolysis.
Directionally oriented channels help porous layers move two-phase fluids and transfer gas into adjacent electrochemical cell flow fields.
Membrane-embedded electrodes stabilize catalysts for efficient CO2 reduction.
Oxygen-evolving anodes eliminate greenhouse gas emissions while vertical cathodes and sloped surfaces guide liquid aluminum into collection channels.
Ceramic and halogen-containing polymer fibers regulate microporosity in diaphragm electrolytic cells to control anolyte flow.
Magnetic field sources enhance electrochemical reduction efficiency by moving solid ore particles closer to the cathode.
Pulse plating forms a copper coating to shield rare earth magnets from hydrogen absorption under high pressure.