A power supply system uses an interlock member to control a switch device that interrupts electrical connections between a battery and a connector.
A safety-critical vehicle actuator signals an alternator to output raised voltage upon activation.
Central system calculates enthalpy from temperature and humidity to model facility energy usage.
A battery management circuit controls switches to test individual battery strings within dedicated time windows.
A fuel cell stack diagnosis apparatus extracts reference voltage points from stepwise current changes to form a reference signal waveform for abnormality detection.