A heat conduction layer lets a compact heater switch the phase transition layer efficiently while limiting RF coupling to signal lines.
Voltage-controlled varactors give a metasurface sub-reflector continuous phase tuning and wideband Ka-band beam steering with lower absorption.
Phase-change material switches let transmitarray and reflectarray cells tune wave phase at 50-350 GHz with lower power and no mechanical movement.
A voltage-tuned auxiliary electrode layout enables thin liquid crystal layers to improve response speed and process compatibility while limiting microwave loss.
Vertically facing coupling lines in a multilayer dielectric filter cut size while preserving attenuation pole steepness in RF modules.