Stored flywheel energy and battery load switching help keep generator speed stable and reduce wasted input energy under changing loads.
Solar-powered electrolysis, CO2 capture, and methanol synthesis enable climate-neutral watercraft propulsion with liquid-fuel storage and fast refueling.
An open mixing chamber dilutes hydrogen purge flow with air to stay below explosion limits without extra fans or sensors.
A porous graphite-loaded foam electrode and membrane maintain electrical contact during cathodic exfoliation, enabling continuous graphene flake production.
Ventilation with a heat exchanger dilutes leaked hydrogen in a domestic power plant while removing waste heat and avoiding explosion-proof components.
Diamondoid salts self-assemble at charged interfaces to block solvent decomposition and improve metal ion mobility in high-voltage batteries.
Acid leaching, solid-liquid separation, and lithium hydroxide precipitation raise lithium purity and concentration in battery recycling.
Current-driven electrolyte planarization selectively removes metal on face-up wafers, improving film thickness uniformity while preventing dishing.
Recovered oxygen exhaust heat preheats water and generates steam in an SOEC, improving steam uniformity and lowering power use.