Solvent extraction of oil from distillers grains yields biodiesel precursors and a nutrient-rich solid product, eliminating air pollution from hot-air drying.
Counter-current steam stripping removes ketones, aldehydes, and phenols from unrefined oils to reduce by-products.
Blending solid vegetable fats eliminates liquid oil costs and trans-fatty acids from hydrogenation while maintaining required spread structure.
Specific gamma- and delta-tocopherol ratios reduce thermo-oxidative degradation, extending useful life in high temperature processes.
Modified molecular sieves eliminate soap formation while enabling complete conversion of free fatty acids.
A reusable sugar-based heterogeneous acidic catalyst enables continuous transesterification of waste oil into biodiesel with high purity.
Segmenting neutralization from transesterification using alkaline glycerol prevents catalyst deactivation by free fatty acids, maintaining high yield.
Single-phase acetylated castor component purified to remove insoluble matter.
Two-stage transesterification recovers phytosterols from biodiesel distillation residue.
Sequential reaction cycles with fatty acid sources and alkyl alcohols reduce pigment intensity in immobilized lipase preparations.
A fractionation method uses fatty acid lower alkyl esters to dissolve triglycerides before cooling and solid-liquid separation.
Ozonolysis of soybean oil with boron trifluoride catalyst introduces primary hydroxyl functionality into ester polyols.
Alkyl ester additives derived from vegetable oils reduce friction in water-based drilling fluids.
Chemically catalyzed interesterification converts vegetable oil to biodiesel using methyl formate at atmospheric pressure.
Iron hydroxide nanoparticles derived from waste fats improve diesel combustion efficiency while lowering carbon emissions.