Replacing petroleum oils with estolide and estamide structures achieves OECD biodegradability while maintaining oxidative stability.
Segmented silica-supported molybdenum or tungsten alkylidenes allow simple filtration separation, preserving catalytic activity during reuse.
Heat and basic conditions eliminate sulfonate residues from oligomerized estolides, resolving catalyst contamination while maintaining lubrication performance.
Thermal decarboxylation converts triglycerides into hydrocarbons, while olefin metathesis adjusts molecular weights to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.
Ruthenium catalysts drive isomerization and decarboxylation of unsaturated fatty acids at reduced temperatures, eliminating expensive phosphine ligands.
Metathesis of glycerides with mono-olefins reduces hydrogen consumption during hydrotreating, improving low-temperature fuel performance.
Isomerized vegetable oil fatty acids resolve the trade-off between improved lubricity and high condensation points, preventing cold-region filter blockages.
Heterogeneous Amberlyst 15 and CaAl-LDH oxides resolve homogeneous catalyst separation issues while maintaining high conversion rates.
Terminal-selective metathesis catalysts produce longer-chain dimers from natural oil polyenes, reducing complex product mixtures.
Hydroisomerizing medium-chain triglycerides introduces methyl branching to boost viscosity index and low temperature fluidity.
Recovering metathesis catalysts reduces production costs while lowering product melting points to enable efficient biofuel synthesis.
Metathesis catalysts convert unsaturated fatty acid esters into isomerized products for refined fuel compositions.
Cross-metathesizing low-weight unsaturated esters with olefin feedstocks forms high-weight esters exceeding C18 chain lengths.
Thermal treatment decomposes peroxides in natural oils to boost product conversion and lower catalyst loading requirements.
A skeletal isomerization process for unsaturated fatty acids using a sterically hindered Lewis base and zeolite catalyst.
Basic oxide supports suppress hydrogenation byproducts during catalytic conversion, improving selectivity for desired CLA isomers.
Isomerization modifies triglyceride chains using zeolite catalysts to lower melting points and improve adhesion.