Acid heat treatment stabilizes PHA fermentation broth, preventing metabolic degradation and enabling delayed, simpler recovery at high cell concentrations.
A two-step heterotrophic-autotrophic bacterial process boosts PHA copolymer production rate and supports easier extraction at industrial scale.
Continuous flow-channel mixing of phospholipase D with organic and aqueous reactants shortens phospholipid reaction time and improves production efficiency.
Enzymatic acyloin condensation of formyl-CoA with aldehydes or ketones expands one-carbon feedstocks into substituted 2-hydroxyacyl-CoAs.
Microbial CYP450 hydroxylation replaces plant extraction and chemical synthesis to produce gamma-lactones with higher yield, lower cost, and less impact.
Engineered endoglycoceramidase mutants enable aqueous, donor-efficient glycosphingolipid synthesis with strong stereo- and regiochemical control.
Negatively charged solid media suppress dsRNA during in vitro transcription, preserving mRNA yield, stability, and transfection efficiency.
Using solid MgCl2·4H2O enables lower-temperature thermohydrolysis to produce MgO and HCl faster while avoiding reactor blocking.
Controlled water, methanol, and copper in biomass-derived inhibitors keep propylene polymerization stable and suppress lump polymers.
Keeping reducing sugar at 5 g/L or less during cell culture lowers recombinant protein glycation while preserving production and homogeneity.