A stiffer pressing zone and more compliant demolding zone reduce friction, limit conicity, and keep green compacts dimensionally accurate.
Preheated Ni-alloy dies and a 75°C+ billet-to-die temperature gap prevent double-barreling during hot forging while preserving yield.
A tailored Ni-based die alloy balances high-temperature compressive strength with oxidation resistance to limit scaling, surface damage, and shape loss.
Semi-solid die pressing with overflow grooves enriches free silicon above 60%, overcoming poor fluidity in spray-formed Al-Si alloys.
Stacked, replaceable die layers form the forging cavity faster than solid tool steel blocks while cutting maintenance, storage, and material costs.
A heated holding jig keeps forged material temperature stable during transfer, preventing double-barreling defects in hot die forging.
Limiting alkali metal oxides in a SiO2-rich glass die coating reduces oxidative corrosion, lowering forming load and extending die life.
A relief hole and pressing member redirect excess material during cup forging to prevent flash while keeping the end surface flat.
A guide die and tooth-pressing second punch constrain edge flow during gear forging, preventing burrs and improving external tooth accuracy.
A single cold-forming machine replaces strip-stock drawing and machining, using orbital shear trimming to cut scrap, annealing, and edge variation.
A two-stage cylindrical die forms annular tooth crowning in one continuous process, cutting equipment changes, time, and cost.
Stacked removable die layers create precise forging cavities faster, lower tooling cost, and simplify maintenance by replacing worn sections.
Controlled billet and die heating suppress γ' precipitation during hot working, reducing cracking while keeping Ni-based superalloy microstructures uniform.
An alumina-covered Ni-based hot-forging die alloy preserves high-temperature compressive strength while limiting oxidation and scale scattering.