Dual temperature sensors detect combustion unit and reforming unit heat to determine firing status during startup.
A fuel cell employs a double sealing structure around the anode electrode to contain gas flow areas and prevent leakage.
Dynamic oxygen-carbon ratio control prevents soot deposition on the anode, extending lifespan while maintaining hydrogen yield.
Valve-controlled heat exchange accelerates high-temperature fuel cell start-up while maintaining low-temperature cell power output.
A control unit estimates fuel gas flow rate using differential pressure and calculated gas area percentage.
A hybrid bipolar plate uses solid fuel channels and porous oxidant flow fields to enable evaporative cooling within a fuel cell stack.