An injection-molded plastic frame on a metallic transition piece prevents relative movement between the actuator and base, eliminating copper wire stress.
A spark plug side electrode uses a flared wire portion to wedge an electrode tip into place without welding.
A fuel injector safety valve reduces internal pressure differences by allowing controlled fluid escape.
Integrating the suction jet pump drive line into the filter housing eliminates separate supply lines, reducing manufacturing complexity and assembly costs.
A multilayer piezoelectric element uses a metal cover layer with a thick-walled portion to secure the external electrode plate.
A fuel injector nozzle uses a larger sixth hole to direct spray into the cylinder vortex center.
A preloaded bracing element isolates hydraulic deformation to preserve magnet armature stroke stability under high pressure.
A resin layer buffers thermal stress on the conductive bonding material in laminated piezoelectric elements.
Integrating a closing throttle into the valve needle via segment-shaped recesses stabilizes closure behavior and reduces construction complexity.