Replacing iron catalysts with alkali metal compounds lowers activation energy, enabling carbon nanotube growth on temperature-sensitive substrates.
Fullerenes fill nanocarbon asperities to extend release effectiveness and reduce maintenance frequency.
Functional fullerene interlayers modify cathode work functions to enable high power conversion efficiencies in organic photovoltaics.
A carbon nanotube-sulfur composite provides electron pathways and sulfur contact sites to enhance electrode performance.
Perfluoroalkyl substitution lowers sublimation temperature, preventing thermal decomposition during film formation.
Substituted isobenzofulvene groups modify fullerene cores to raise LUMO energy levels in photovoltaic devices.