Maintain surface temperature within the austenite-to-ferrite transition range to increase plasticity and reduce cracks during slab straightening.
Hot gas annealing during pulsed laser welding eliminates weld thickening and mechanical removal steps.
Quench-lamellarize-temper processing of low-carbon nickel steel overcomes insufficient toughness in conventional naval steels at cryogenic temperatures.
A heat-treatment oil composition blends low and high viscosity base oils with an alpha-olefin copolymer to control vapor blanket formation.
Homogeneous filler material matches base metal composition to resolve thermal expansion mismatch in welded joints on nickel alloyed steels.