Baffles in the cathode gas collection volume improve CO2 transport and voltage while limiting alternative ion transport in molten carbonate fuel cells.
Integrated alkali traps adsorb migrating alkali metals in the anode gas volume, protecting reforming catalysts and extending fuel cell operation.
A crack-preventing space in the gas diffusion layer absorbs thermal stress from substrate mismatch, improving electrochemical cell reliability.
Nickel foam inactive anode parts and separator layers preserve end-cell contact, limit electrolyte migration, and prevent flooding.
A structural mesh between the cathode and current collector cuts ohmic resistance while preserving CO2 flow and mechanical stability.
Alternative ion transport helps molten carbonate fuel cells sustain current density at low CO2, while higher electrolyte acidity limits degradation.
Multi-stage molten carbonate fuel cells reduce polarization and voltage loss while increasing CO2 capture and operating lifetime.
Heat-treated zirconia-rich wet seal caulk fills uneven fuel cell stack edges to curb gas leakage and electrolyte migration.
Concentric tubular electrodes and electrolyte plate eliminate separators, reducing component count and manufacturing costs.
A sintered anode with increased porosity stabilizes the electrode interface, reducing voltage decay under high CO2 utilization.
Inorganic zirconia felt gaskets maintain sealing integrity by resisting electrolyte migration in molten carbonate fuel cells.
Recycling anode exhaust in molten carbonate fuel cells reduces required cell area and energy consumption during carbon capture.
A three-layer fibrous ceramic gasket with a hard central layer prevents electrolyte migration and maintains electrical isolation in molten carbonate fuel cells.
Obstacles in the anode flow passage change fuel gas direction to create intra-cell mixing, resolving non-uniform temperature profiles across the stack.
Eutectic Li/Na carbonate electrolyte doped with SrO and BaCO3 additives enhances oxygen solubility in molten carbonate fuel cells.
Rb and Cs additives modify Li/Na carbonate electrolytes to overcome low-temperature cathode polarization and poor oxygen gas solubility.