Tuned air venting and 3D-printed variable-density infill help a suspension bump stop soften impacts, resist cracking, and fit factory mounts.
An air passing channel balances pressure across the air spring upper support to prevent stiffness curve offset and extend service life.
A circumferential conductor and ferromagnetic core let rail air springs vary lateral rigidity in real time to improve damping.
Peroxide-crosslinked EPDM rubber improves fire behavior for rail suspension and damping parts without added flame retardants or lost elasticity.
A rubber bellows formulation using expandable graphite and halogenated wax cuts smoke, toxicity, and heat release without losing flexibility.
Universal end member assemblies reduce manufacturing complexity by enabling common components across varied gas spring sizes.
Reinforcing threads encircle the elastomer layer to constrain deformation and reduce material usage in bearing construction.