Fine second toothing below 0.05 mm cuts torque and size, enabling more timepiece displays and precise fractional-second readout.
A reduced-rigidity zone and larger bearing surface cut contact pressure, helping pivoting watch components resist shock-driven unscrewing.
Laser irradiation and gas-flow cooling replace furnace and oil quenching to harden watch components more uniformly with lower energy use.
High-interstitial austenitic steel gives timepiece movement parts 500-900 HV hardness while resisting magnetic fields and corrosion.
An involute gear paired with a shaped pinion keeps timepiece torque more constant during meshing while easing gear manufacturing.
Offset tooth contact surfaces move oil from recessed reservoirs to the pallet contact zone, reducing friction, wear, and lubricant loss.