Crystallization above 0°C uses quantum coupling and surface roughness control to separate impurities from low-grade phosphoric acid.
A crystallization device circulates crude (meth)acrylic acid through tubes while monitoring pressure to prevent clogging.
A modular sub-unit with a central rotating axis provides mechanical scraping and mixing within segmented crystallization chambers.
A dynamic melt crystallization process separates dicyclopentadiene from mixed hydrocarbon streams using controlled sweating.
Supercooling crude (meth)acrylic acid stabilizes purification against impurity incorporation.