A spacer member constrains panel punch movement to maintain consistent shell unit depth despite thermal expansion of the die core ring.
Rolling elements in the slide assembly reduce side loads and prevent misalignment during extended strokes.
Salt-based disposable cores eliminate heavy permanent structures, reducing component weight and manufacturing costs for lightweight automotive parts.
Alternating expansion and reduction steps distribute deformation stress, enabling complex metal closure shapes without splitting.
A single rotation shaft drives a cam and swing member to elevate and lock the bottom mould.
A transfer turret with matched pocket counts aligns can bodies between infeed and waxing stations, preventing crushing during die necking.
Hot forming at 700-1450°C produces steep shoulders on tubular workpieces without wall thickness reduction, maintaining mechanical stability.