Controlled composite particle size distribution and surface carbon improve electrode area density stability, rollability, and hot-storage behavior.
Calcined MOF-ZX-5 forms a high-porosity carbon aerogel electrode that resists pore collapse and sustains supercapacitor performance over cycling.
A patterned metal-oxide collector guides porous silicon deposition to absorb expansion stress and maintain anode contact at fast charging rates.
A graphene-porous carbon coating on a hydrophobic substrate avoids insulating binders and vacuum filtration for large-area flexible electrodes.