A thermally separated reformer lets a copper catalyst run below 350°C while downstream methanation supplies heat and cuts PGM cost.
Upstream liquid desulfurization uses combustor heat to avoid diesel cooling and reheating before SOFC reforming, cutting energy loss and complexity.
A hydronic thermal loop couples metal hydride storage with electrolysis and fuel cell modules to reuse heat and improve efficiency.
Catalytic metals, carbon allotropes, and amorphous additives help magnesium store 6-7 wt% hydrogen with faster absorption and desorption.
Casting, severe plastic deformation, and ball milling create a magnesium composite that improves hydrogen capacity, uptake, release, and working temperature.
Stored hydrogen is catalytically burned to self-heat the reactor at startup, avoiding external heaters while supporting fuel cell operation.
Routing reformer output to CO2 capture and recycling separated hydrogen to the burner raises CO2 concentration and lowers capture cost.
Internal CPOX shielding gas protects the SOFC stack during heat-up, avoiding a separate gas supply while reducing degradation risk.
Closed-loop CO2 recovery, storage, and heat reuse help an SOEC-SOFC energy storage system reduce conversion losses during power generation.
Waste heat drives ammonia cracking to supply hydrogen for fuel cells and a thermal engine, improving aircraft power plant energy recovery.
Segmented chambers, diaphragms, and an anvil flow channel store hydrogen in metal alloys at low pressure, improving volumetric density and safety.
An integrated pyrolysis and direct carbon fuel cell route cuts hydrogen cost, generates power, and delivers a pure CO2 stream.