A proton-conducting membrane with hydrogen-permeable and catalytic electrodes enriches deuterium gas without complex cryogenic separation.
By controlling off-gas reaction equilibrium after steam and CO2 removal, this case suppresses carbon deposition while preserving fuel utilization.
By controlling off-gas equilibrium after steam or CO2 removal, this case suppresses carbon deposition and pipe clogging while maintaining fuel utilization.
Waste heat from a high-temperature fuel cell drives steam methane reforming, cutting NOx to zero while delivering >95% hydrogen purity.
Hydrogen-selective membranes purify reformer gas, while CO2-separated byproduct fuel is reused in burners to sustain hydrogen production.
Preheating methanol above catalyst light-off and holding reformer gas in a narrow range preserves methane for more efficient fuel cell reforming.
A gas removal assembly strips CO2 from the byproduct stream and recirculates it to burners, raising hydrogen purity while reducing energy waste.
Formic acid dehydrogenation, phase separation, and PSA deliver 70 MPa+ hydrogen without compressors, cutting energy use and complexity.