Aluminum-containing hydrated silicate and boric acid form a dense baked coating that preserves coating tension and corrosion resistance without chromium.
Dew-point-controlled annealing forms a hardened surface layer in non-oriented electrical steel, preserving magnetic properties and extending punching die life.
Perovskite ferrite particles with controlled density and surface area suppress carrier scattering while maintaining resistance and strength in humid heat.
Guided gas flow and suction stabilize laser spatter collection on conveyed steel sheets, reducing adhesion to nearby processing equipment.
Controlled boron-aluminum distribution at the coating-steel interface raises coating tension while preserving lamination factor and reducing iron loss.
Laser-formed resolidification lines refine magnetic domains in grain-oriented electrical steel, cutting iron loss after strain relief annealing.
Adjusted hot-rolling reduction and repeated acid pickling cut thickness deviation without hot-band annealing, improving magnetic properties and cost.
Controlled Al in the oxide layer and balanced domain widths cut iron loss while preserving excitation power in transformer steel.
MgO with rare earth, Ti/Zr/Hf, and Ca/Sr/Ba compounds improves grain-oriented steel magnetic properties, coating adhesion, and rust resistance.
A core-shell grain structure with RH-rich grain boundaries raises coercivity and squareness while improving high-temperature demagnetization resistance.
Ceramic fiber reinforcement helps a soft-magnetic motor core cut eddy current losses while improving strength for higher-speed operation.
A heterocyclic ring compound with tuned Hansen parameters helps magnetic particles resist rust while preserving permeability under moisture stress.
Controlled amorphous oxide and surface gloss replace forsterite barriers to cut iron losses while keeping tension-insulation coating adhesion.
Controlled directional roughness beneath a tension-insulation coating improves B-W characteristics while reducing iron loss in grain-oriented electrical steel.
Balanced Ca-La ferrite composition raises Br and HcJ while limiting HcJ temperature sensitivity in sintered magnets.
Controlled nitriding during primary recrystallization preserves precipitates, maintains Goss orientation, and lowers hysteresis loss in ultra-thin electrical steel.
A multilayer Si-gradient electrical steel sheet balances high-frequency iron loss and magnetic flux density using optimized surface and inner layers.
Calcium, zirconium, vanadium, and aluminum doping tunes ferrite loss, Curie temperature, and magnetic moment for compact 5G circulators.
By tuning Al, Mn, Sn, and Sb and using shot ball scale removal, this case limits Mn diffusion during annealing to preserve coating adhesion.
Controlled Sr, Ca, and Ba diffusion in a silicate-phosphate insulating film improves adhesion and film tension while preventing peeling.
Controlled Cr content limits Mn diffusion into the insulating coating during stress relief annealing, preserving adhesion and motor steel magnetic properties.
Co-N-M nitride control and Fe-N martensite raise saturation flux density above pure iron while keeping iron loss low in rotating machine cores.
Rapid-solidified Fe-Rh ribbons boost giant magnetocaloric response at low magnetic fields, improving room-temperature cooling and heating.
Rare earth and Ti/Zr/Hf compounds in an MgO annealing separator improve primary coating adhesion while preserving magnetic properties.
During stress relief annealing, coating-derived carbides block carbon penetration into non-oriented electrical steel, stabilizing magnetic properties and iron loss.
A lithium-flux garnet ferrite lowers sintering temperature enough for co-sintering with silver or gold, cutting assembly steps and preserving microwave performance.
Controlled oxidation and MgO-Al2O3 annealing separators smooth grain-oriented electrical steel surfaces while preserving coating adhesion and low iron loss.
A curved ferrite core boosts stylus pen signal magnitude, improves hover/contact detection, and maintains stable operation at inclined angles.
Multiple lasers with controlled energy, beam size, and angle remove resist uniformly to form deep grooves while preserving magnetic properties.
Local low-angle orientation changes in Goss-textured steel reduce low-field magnetostriction while preserving magnetic flux density.
Controlled NH3-H2-H2O annealing balances nitrogen potential to cut magnetization losses while keeping the forsterite layer uniform and adherent.
Controlled low-angle orientation domains in grain-oriented electrical steel cut high-field magnetostriction while preserving magnetic properties and productivity.
Optimized rare-earth, Ca/Sr, and boron composition helps thin ferrite magnets keep coercive force and resist low-temperature demagnetization.
A one-component phosphate-silica coating seals grain-oriented steel pores to improve corrosion resistance and electrical insulation without chromium.
Mixing magnetic refrigeration materials with different transition temperatures enables target tuning within 0.7 K for more efficient AMR heat exchange.
Local low-angle subboundaries split secondary recrystallized grains to cut magnetostriction and middle-field iron loss while maintaining flux density.
A Cu-rich surface layer and thiosulfate pickling reduce scale residue on hot-rolled non-oriented electrical steel while preserving low-cost self-annealing.
Hot pressing Mn-Bi magnetic powder under a 0.1-3 T field preserves orientation, simplifies sintering, and improves high-temperature magnet performance.
High-temperature slab holding and heavy rough and finish rolling suppress ridging in thin, high-alloy non-oriented electrical steel sheets.
Controlling moisture to 1000 ppm or less keeps fine-particle magnetic paste viscosity stable for PCB through-hole filling and inductor performance.
Post-stamping annealing and oxide formation restore magnetic permeability and raise interlaminar resistance to cut motor core loss.
By limiting Ni and Cu and controlling tempered martensite and carbides, this steel balances coercivity, workability, and cost.
Post-stamping annealing and oxide coating raise permeability and interlaminar resistance, cutting eddy current and core loss in motors.
Controlled Al oxide depth and dispersion in the Mg2SiO4 primary coating improves adhesion, magnetic properties, and rust resistance.