Delayed intermittent lighting prevents scan-period light mixing, improving optical sorting of defective and foreign grains with visible and near-infrared sensing.
An optical guide equalizes light distribution between reference and unknown samples, improving absolute reflectance accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio.
Multiple UV and visible optical paths improve low-ozone measurement accuracy while correcting wavelength drift in ozonated fluid sensing.
Beam splitters align multiple LED wavelengths into one optical path, enabling accurate on-site liquid transmittance measurement in compact instruments.