A separate auxiliary inlet bypasses the first chamber, enabling two-stage ion exchange, tighter water composition control, and compact cartridge size.
Conductivity replaces direct pH sensing in buffer mixing, enabling faster, cleaner feedback control with less calibration and temperature correction.
This case uses ion exchange material during ejection to shift stored solution pH toward physiological levels while preserving shelf life.
This case replaces hazardous liquid extraction with regenerable resin beds for compact copper removal from PCB etchants.
Inert gas drying lowers ion exchange resin water content to 90-97% saturation, minimizing initial blow effluent volume and preventing metal contamination.
Surfactants and pH control prevent photoresist precipitation, maintaining ion exchange capacity during onium hydroxide recovery.
A control valve uses a dual meter disc assembly to adjust regeneration initiation slots externally.