A fiber-reinforced polyamide battery box improves heat transfer, impact resistance, and corrosion durability without the weight of metal.
A thin polymer layer on the lead negative electrode suppresses hydrogen generation while preserving charge acceptability and low-temperature discharge.
Chemical conversion of organic lead salts cuts smelting energy use while producing high-purity alpha, beta, and red lead oxides for batteries.
Hydrophilic polymer and lithium salt electrolytes widen aqueous battery voltage limits while suppressing polysulfide shuttling for safer high-energy cells.
Random glass fiber orientation in a wet-laid battery separator preserves compressive force, limits thickness loss, and sustains electrolyte retention.
Pressurized water removes glass and textile fibers before sieving, while compressed air dries separated fractions to improve lead-acid battery recycling.
A carbonized fiber mat with barium sulfate, conductive carbons, and expanders boosts lead-acid battery charge acceptance and cycle life.