Alternating positive and negative lenses with a cemented pair keep mobile camera modules slim while preserving resolution and limiting chromatic aberration.
Tightly controlled eight-lens spacing and refractive power balance high imaging resolution with the slim optical length needed in portable cameras.
SOCAL grafted onto a polymer insulating layer improves liquid lens hydrophobicity without adhesion loss, enabling stable low-power DC operation.
A resin lens layout with positive and negative power elements cuts chromatic aberration, field curvature, and astigmatic difference while reducing weight.
A glass-plastic lens stack balances resolution and aberration control to keep vehicle camera optics stable from low to high temperatures.
A sacrificial-layer etching approach forms embedded micro lenses with controlled curvature, low roughness, and reduced substrate thickness loss.