Ligases TRIZ Cases

Separately synthesized nucleotide fragments are hybridized and ligated to cut non-target strands and improve purity in long oligonucleotide synthesis.

Combined mutations in rice ACCase and other loci create synergistic resistance to ACCase and HPPD herbicides for stronger weed control.

A codon-optimized L-amino acid ligase expands substrate range and maintains high dipeptide synthesis efficiency at industrially useful concentrations.

Using highly concentrated MaPylRS improves non-canonical amino acid incorporation in E. coli and cell-free protein synthesis.

Virus-assisted directed evolution enriches active suppressor tRNAs, boosting unnatural amino acid incorporation and stable mammalian cell line generation.

An engineered tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair inserts O-sulfotyrosine at UAG sites, overcoming heterogeneous sulfation during high protein expression.

HTLA joins precursor DNA in vitro to make supercoiled circular DNA without bacterial sequences, cutting production time and immune-response risks.

ASNS knockout mammalian cell lines use exogenous asparagine dependence to enable multi-vector selection for recombinant protein production.

An engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase aminoacylates tRNA with Aib, enabling recombinant expression of polypeptides beyond the natural amino acid set.

Protease-based N-end rule selection removes misincorporated proteins, improving yield and fidelity of N-terminal NSAA incorporation.

Alternating-direction fragment synthesis and ligase-based nick sealing reduce non-target strands and improve oligonucleotide purity.

An engineered tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair adds O-sulfotyrosine during translation for homogeneous, site-specific protein sulfation.

Acid activation creates heterogeneous enzyme populations; truncated Asx-specific ligases avoid the step while retaining activity and stability.

Specific HyperLigase mutations improve single-stranded DNA and RNA ligation at elevated temperatures without a complementary template.

Low yields from orthogonal ribosome translation are addressed by thermodynamically optimizing the O-mRNA 5′ UTR for stronger binding.

This case uses ACC mutations at positions 1,879 and 2,186 to protect crops while enabling herbicide-based weed control.

Cell-free protein synthesis and machine learning guide enzyme mutations for faster screening and new catalytic functions.

CARS2 explains cellular cysteine persulfide production and supports mitochondrial bioenergetics.

A universal platform uses an orthogonal tRNA synthetase pair to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins across diverse cell types.

Engineered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases incorporate L-DOPA into proteins, resolving tyrosine competition to boost yield and reduce costs.

An artificial ribozyme mediates tRNA acylation with diverse substrates, resolving the trade-off between substrate specificity and adaptability.

Engineered tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutants charge tRNAs with unnatural amino acids for site-specific protein incorporation.

Specific amino acid substitutions in glutathione synthetase enhance gamma-Glu-Val-Gly synthesis activity while maintaining enzyme stability.

A splint ssDNA design with divergent hairpins forms a stable monomeric complex for efficient T4 ligase cyclization.

Recombinant yeast expresses acetoacetyl CoA synthase to produce isopropanol, overcoming low solvent resistance in bacterial fermentation.

Deleting the gshB gene redirects metabolic flux to increase gamma-glutamyl peptide yield while maintaining strain viability during fermentation.

Engineered ATP-dependent DNA ligase achieves high ligation efficiency at RNA 5' ends despite low substrate specificity in conventional enzymes.

OaAEP1 Cys247Ala resolves low catalytic efficiency in wild-type enzymes by introducing a conserved C-terminal motif for high-speed ligation.

Engineered sorghum cultivar 21534_ACCase-R overcomes crop injury from ACCase-inhibiting herbicides by introducing johnsongrass-derived mutations.

ATP-dependent enzyme catalyzes amide bond formation between carboxyl and amino groups for industrial-scale production.

Tandem SUMO interacting motifs overcome low affinity limits to purify SUMOylated proteins from cell extracts.

Modular polyketide synthases replace petroleum feedstocks with biological production of diacids and diamines.

A polynucleotide with novel promoter activity enhances gene expression in Corynebacterium microorganisms for high-yield purine nucleotide synthesis.

Engineered eRF1 mutants resolve amber codon suppression efficiency limits, increasing protein yield by 17-fold.

Isolating acyl-CoA synthetase genes resolves the lack of specific enzymatic activity by enabling industrial capsaicinoid production.

Heterologous polyketide synthase and foldase enzymes convert linear chains into aromatic structures.

PVL02 rice cultivar combines AHAS and ALS gene modifications to resolve herbicide rotation flexibility constraints.

Engineered orthogonal tRNA synthetase pairs enable site-specific incorporation of multiple unnatural amino acids into mammalian cell proteins.

Genetically modified Corynebacterium glutamicum host cells produce polyketides using methylmalonyl-CoA-dependent synthases.

Malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase enable CO2 fixation into acetyl-CoA, bypassing native consumption pathways that limit yield.

MaPyIRS M129L V168C variant resolves low azido-lysine incorporation efficiency while maintaining orthogonality with canonical amino acids.