Superimposed THz pulses accelerate electrons to relativistic speeds without physical waveguides.
Curved hole edges lower breakdown rates from high microwave power by redistributing electric fields near coupling channels.
Cutting surfaces on hollow cylinders adjust resonance frequency to eliminate tuner power consumption and vacuum instability.
Movable focus assemblies within a drift tube dynamically adjust quadrupole fields to resolve focusing trade-offs across varying ion mass-to-charge ratios.
Internal support structures stiffen RF LINAC coils, preventing vibration-induced frequency shifts that degrade beam current and energy transfer efficiency.
Series-connected acceleration tubes generate electron beams via a shared microwave unit, reducing installation space and cost for security inspections.