Phosphine compound stabilizes electroless gold plating bath against decomposition during long-term heating, eliminating toxic cyanide requirements.
Combining a hydrophobic film with a metal nano-web resolves the trade-off between electrical conductivity and transparency for self-cleaning applications.
Electrolytic dissolution of a nickel anode maintains bath concentration without introducing unwanted anions, extending service life and stabilizing pH.
UV irradiation enlarges noble metal nanoparticles on substrates with high spatial resolution using organic radical reduction.