A data assimilation method estimates building thermal resistance by synchronizing temperature and heating power measurements over time intervals.
Deriving inner-wall-surface heat transfer coefficients via dimensionless coordinates and fluid state information for dynamic thermal modeling.
A gas measurement head routes sample flow perpendicularly through metal magnetic poles to minimize vortex formation.
Optical measurement replaces destructive contact methods to estimate perceived surface temperature without altering the test object.
A continuous flow calorimeter determines specific heat capacity using microfluidic channels and thermoelectric sensors to measure temperature differentials.
Series-connected heating resistors in dual sensor elements enable gas concentration calculation via potential differences.
Disposable cartridges with base metal electrodes eliminate cross-contamination risks while maintaining measurement precision through composite coating layers.
A thermal source generates incident waves at variable angles to identify the Brewster angle where reflection vanishes.
A microchip heating element generates heat at multiple temperatures to derive mixed gas calorific value from electric signals.
A thermal conductivity sensor integrates a heating element and temperature measuring element to generate two distinct measuring voltages for internal error detection.
Synchronous detection of phase shift determines thermal diffusivity without prior knowledge of emissivity or absorption coefficients.
A double diaphragm gas sensor uses adjacent heating elements to measure analysis gas concentration via thermal conductivity principles.
A calorific value calculation formula uses electric signals from temperature and heater elements at multiple heating temperatures.
An inverted camera under a heated chuck detects stand-by failures by capturing enhanced photon and thermal emission intensities at defective portions.