A heated work function sensor detects toxic impurities in concentrated hydrogen and desorbs them to maintain long-term accuracy and durability.
A porous cyclic olefin copolymer film detects aromatic fuel contamination in lubrication oil through dissolution and resistance change.
A vibrating reference electrode measures concrete surface electrical potentials through capacitive coupling without physical contact.
Passive conductive ink antennas modulate electromagnetic signals to predict fluid saturation, eliminating power requirements and reducing system complexity.
Palladium oxide barriers prevent silicide formation between catalytic metals and silicon carbide, maintaining sensor stability at 600°C.
A sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter uses a current mirror to replicate input signals for digital processing.