A hollow shaft, Belleville springs, and a fixed position sensor simplify parking brake actuation while directly detecting cable tension.
A variable-ratio transmission and force trigger shorten parking brake engagement time while keeping actuator size and cost lower.
A pivoted actuating member uses reaction force to brake both wheels together with fewer parts, less space, and lower rider effort.
Before autonomous mode starts, the control unit verifies foot brake actuation to prevent emergency brake failure after long idle periods.
Flexible retaining webs let a parking brake cable move with the axle while resisting stone-chip detachment and simplifying clip assembly.