A trivalent chromium conversion treatment liquid uses titanium lactate and transition metal compounds to form protective coatings on metal substrates.
Permanganate conversion coating replaces chromium with rare earth ions to inhibit corrosion without pre-treatment.
Introducing a fused director into concave portions before curing prevents liquid stagnation and improves air bubble dischargeability in liquid ejecting heads.
Aqueous treatment solution deposits black conversion layers on zinc surfaces using sulfur compounds and oxidants.
A lanthanide conversion coating layer reduces oxidation on metal can interiors.
A chromium-free conversion coating deposits zirconium and molybdenum on aluminum surfaces to ensure reliable adhesion.
Acid-stabilized precursor solutions form crack-free titanium oxide films by modifying shrinkage during curing, improving optical reliability.
Alternating current electrolysis using hydrochloric acid and ferric ions removes scale while eliminating nitrogen oxide emissions.
A Ni-Fe alloy film subdivides magnetic domains on grain-oriented steel sheets to lower iron loss.
Zirconium compounds replace high-phosphate systems to prevent insoluble rust formation and extend bath life.
Fluorinated solvent dissolution reduces bisphosphonic compound quantities and contact times, resolving bottlenecks in high-throughput automated manufacturing.
Aqueous bis-amino-functional silane compositions form robust hydrophobic layers on metal and glass substrates at ambient temperatures.