Vacuum sintering a powder mixture with zirconium and niobium carbides reduces porosity while maintaining strength.
Hydrogen peroxide and silane treatments modify separator plate wettability, reducing water blockages and ohmic losses in fuel cells.
A multi-stage acidic pretreatment deposits zirconium or titanium conversion layers on metallic components to enhance corrosion resistance and paint adhesion.
A surfactant-free sol-gel method synthesizes light-selective particles using aqueous precursors.
A ceramic coating on steel tubes prevents ash adhesion, reducing maintenance costs while maintaining thermal transfer efficiency.
Reusing chelating agents creates a protective film that reduces radioactive contamination and secondary liquid waste in nuclear systems.
An acidic aqueous conversion composition deposits a protective layer on metal surfaces using fluoride and zinc ions.
A wet atomic layer etching process uses sequential chemical modification and dissolution steps to precisely remove noble metal surfaces.
Aqueous sulfate coating reduces friction during cold steel forming.
Fe-Cr-Ni-W oxide film protects austenitic alloy surfaces, preventing ion diffusion and corrosion at 600°C.
A tellurium-containing solution colors metal surfaces directly into a grayish tone without oxide film formation.
A wear protection coating method applies hard particles suspended in a water-based binder mixture to a substrate surface.