Infrared illumination images particles in opaque fluids without dilution, supporting size and shape analysis.
Optical crack detection measures bonded-wafer bonding energy before humidity-driven stress corrosion affects results, avoiding glove-box constraints.
Polarization interference across azimuth and incidence angles reduces dimension-interaction effects in critical-dimension measurements.
Median spectral data from multiple tablet points limits shadow and specular-reflection artifacts during inclusion inspection.
AI imaging, light sources, and sensors analyze urine and stool at home, translating periodic samples into private health insights.
Modeling light propagation and back-propagating image errors enables accurate 3D fluorescence imaging without clarifying agents.